Citizenship Flashcards
Who is the Citizenship oath pledged to?
A person who represents all Canadians, encompassed by the Sovereign
What are the sources of Canadian law?
Laws passed by Parliament, provincial legislatures, English common law, civil code of France, unwritten constitution inherited from GB
What is included in the tradition of ordered liberty?
Freedom of conscience + religion, freedom of thought, belief, opinion and expression including freedom of speech, freedom of peaceful assesmbly and freedom of association
When was the tradition of ordered liberty created?
Magna Carta 1215
What is habeas corpus?
Right to challenge unlawful detention by the state
When was the constitution of Canada amended to entrench the Canadian Charter of Rights + Freedoms?
1982
What does the Canadian Charter of Rights + Freedoms include?
Mobility rights, aboriginal peoples’ rights, official language rights, multiculturalism
What are the responsibilities of being a citizen?
Obeying the law, taking responsibility for oneself and one’s family, serving on a jury, voting in elections, helping others in the community and protecting heritage and environment
What is a key commitment in the British North America Act, and when was it created?
Commitment to Peace, Order and Good government
1867
Who are the three founding peoples of Canada?
Aboriginal, British + French
When were territorial rights first guaranteed to aboriginal people?
1763 through the Royal Proclamation by King George III
What are the three groups of aboriginal people?
Indian - all people not Inuit or Metis
Inuit - live in scattered communities across the arctic
Metis - mixed aboriginal + European ancestry
Who are the Acadians?
Descendants of French colonists who settled in the Maritimes
When did Quebecois form a nation within a united Canada?
2006
What is the largest religion in Canada?
Catholocism
Who were the first Europeans to colonize Canada?
Vikings from Iceland and then English
When was the first map drawn of the east coast of Canada, and by who?
John Cabot
1497
When did English settlement in Canada begin?
1610
Where did the name Canada come from?
Jacques Cartier made 3 voyages across Atlantic to claim land for France. He heard the word kanata, meaning “village”
When was the first European settlement in Canada?
1604 - French explorers landed in Port Royal, NS
Who did the French ally with when settling in Canada?
Allied with the Algonquin, Montagnais + Huron
When was the Hudson’s Bay Company granted exclusive trading rights, and by who?
1670 by King Charles II
When did the British defeat the French, and what was the name of the battle?
1759 - Battle of the Plains of Abraham at Quebec City
What was the Quebec Act of 1774?
Allowed religious freedom for Catholics, restoring French civil law
When was the first representative assembly elected, and where?
Halifax, NS
1758
What was the Constitutional Act, and when was it passed?
1791
Divided province of Quebec into Upper Canada (Ontario) and Lower Canada (Quebec)
Made ‘Canada’ name official
When did the Montreal Stock Exchange open?
1832
When was the US Canada war?
1812-1814
When did rebellions in Canada occur?
1837-38
When were Upper + Lower Canada united?
1840
When did Nova Scotia attain a full responsible government?
1847-8
When was the Dominion of Canada born?
July 1st, 1867
Which act formed the Dominion of Canada?
British North America Act of 1867
When did all of the provinces of Canada form part of the Dominion?
1867 - Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick
1870 - Manitoba, NWT
1871 - BC
1873 - PEI
1880 - transfer of the arctic islands to NWT
1898 - Yukon
1905 - Alberta, Saskatchewan
1949 - Newfoundland + Labrador
1999 - Nunavut
Who was Canada’s first prime minister?
1867 - Sir John Alexander Macdonald
When was the North West Mounted Police established?
1873
Who was Louis Riel?
Metis leader who led an uprising and seized Fort Garry in 1869. He fled to the US before being elected to parliament. He is seen as the father of Manitoba
Who was Sir Wilfred Laurier?
First French-Canadian prime minister
What happened at Vimy Ridge?
Canadian Corps captured Vimy Ridge in April 1917
When were women granted the right to vote?
Manitoba = 1916
Federal elections = 1917 (nurses) then women over 21 in 1918
Quebec = 1940
When was oil first discovered in AB?
1947
Describe the history of Quebec sovereignty
1963 - Royal Commission on Bilingualism
1969 - Official Languages Act
1980 - Referendum
1995 - 2nd referendum
When were Aboriginal people granted the vote?
1960
Who was Alexander Bell?
Invented the telephone
Who was Joseph Bombardier?
Invented snowmobile
Who was Sir Sandford Fleming?
Invented system of time zones
Who was Mathew Evans + Henry Woodward?
Invented electric light bulb
Who was Reginald Fessenden?
Invented radio, sent the first wireless voice message
Who was Dr Wilder Penfield?
Brain surgeon
Who was Dr John Hopps?
Invented the pacemaker
Describe the history of Quebec sovereignty
1963 - Royal Commission on Bilingualism
1969 - Official Languages Act
1980 - Referendum
1995 - 2nd referendum
What are the 3 key facts abou the system of government?
Federal state, parliamentary democracy + constitutional monarchy
What does the federal state take responsibility for?
Defence, foreign policy, interprovincial trade + communications, currency, navigation, criminal law, citizenship
What do the provinces take responsibility for?
Municipal government, education, health, natural resources, property, civil rights, highways
What responsibilities are shared between federal and provincial government?
Agriculture
Immigration
How does parliamentary democracy work?
People elect members to House of Commons and to provincial and territorial legislatures
These reps are responsible for passing laws, approving and monitoring expenditures + keeping government accountable
Cabinet ministers are responsible to the elected representatives
What are the 3 parts of parliament?
Sovereign
Senate
House of Commons
What are the parts of provincial legislature?
Lieutenant Governor
elected Assembly
What is the house of commons?
Representative chamber, made up of MPs, elected every 4 years
Who are senators?
Appointed by Governor General on advice of the PM and serve until age 75
How are laws passed in Canada?
First reading
Second reading - members debate the principle
Committee stage - bill is studied clause by clause
Report stage - members can make amendments
Third reading - members debate + vote
Senate - bill follows same process in Senate
Royal Assent - granted by Governor General on behalf of the Sovereign
What is a constitutional monarchy?
Canada’s head of state is a heriditary sovereign who reigns in accordance with the Constitution
Who is the Governor General?
Appointed by the sovereign on advice of the PM
Usually for 5 years
Who is the Liuetenant Governor?
Sovereign representation in the provinces
Appointed by Governor General on advice of PM
Who is the Premier?
Head of government in the province
Who is the Commissioner?
Represents federal government in the territories, plays a ceremonial role
When do federal elections happen?
3rd Monday in October every 4 years
What are electoral districts, and how many of them are there?
308
Geographical area represented by an MP
What are the courts in Canada?
Supreme Court of Canada
Federal court of Canada - deals with matters relating to federal government
Appeal court + trial court in provinces
Provincial courts, family courts, traffic courts
Which provinces do not have RCMP?
Ontario + Quebec - they have provincial police forces
What is the crown a symbol of in Canada?
Symbol of state
What is the official royal flag?
Union jack
When was the Canadian flag first raised?
1965
When was the national anthem created?
1980
What is the Order of Canada, and when was it started?
1967- honours system for recognising citizens
What is the Victoria Cross?
Awarded for bravery
What are the public holidays in Canada (except religious ones)?
Sir John Macdonald Day - Jan 11
Vimy Day - April 9
Victoria Day - Monday before May 25
Canada Day - July 1st
Labour Day - first Monday of Sept
Sir Wilfred Laurier Day - Nov 20
When was free trade established with the US?
1988
What are Canada’s main industries?
Service, manufacturing, natural resources (foresty, fishing, agriculture, mining, energy)
What are the 5 regions of Canada?
Atlantic Provinces
Central Canada
Prairie Provinces
West Coast
Northern Territories
When was Ottawa picked as the Capital?
1857
Describe the history of Quebec sovereignty
1963 - Royal Commission on Bilingualism
1969 - Official Languages Act
1980 - Referendum
1995 - 2nd referendum
What are the capitals of the provinces?
Newfoundland and Labrador = St. John’s
Prince Edward Island = Charlottetown
Nova Scotia = Halifax
New Brunswick = Fredericton
Quebec = Québec City
Ontario = Toronto
Manitoba = Winnipeg
Saskatchewan = Regina
Alberta = Edmonton
British Columbia = Victoria
Nunavut = Iqaluit
Northwest Territories = Yellowknife
Yukon Territory =
Whitehorse
What is the oldest colony in the British Empire?
Newfoundland + Labrador
What is the smallest province?
PEI
Where is the Confederation Bridge?
PEI
Where are the world’s highest tides?
Nova Scotia
Where is the St John river system?
New Brunswick
What is the only official bilingual province?
New Brunswick
Where do RCMP train?
Regina, SK
MWhere was the coldest recorded temperature in Canada measured?
Yukon
Where is the highest mountain in Canada, and what is it called?
Mt Logan, Yukon
Name two key documents that contain our rights and freedoms
Magna Carta
Canadian Charter of Rights + Freedoms
What does Inuit mean?
“the people” in Inuktitut language
What is a responsible government?
Government that depends on support of an elected assembly
Who was Sir Louis-Hippolyte La Fontaine?
First Premier of the United Province of Canada and first head of a responsible government in Canada
What does confederation mean?
From 1864-1867, representatives of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and the Province of Canada, with British support, worked together to establish a new country. The old province of Canada was split into two new provinces, Ontario and Quebec, which together with New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, formed the new country called the Dominion of Canada. Confederation is the establishment of the Dominion of Canada on July 1, 1867, the birth of the country we know as Canada.
What are the three branches of government?
The three branches of government are the Executive, Legislative and Judicial.
Who is entitled to vote in Canadian federal elections?
You are entitled to vote in a federal election if you are a Canadian citizen, at least 18 years old on voting day, and on the voters’ list.
