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Citizenship Paper 2 Revision > citizen participation > Flashcards

citizen participation Flashcards

1
Q

What are some opportunities and barriers to citizenship participation?

A

Opportunités-politics, local community , wider community and serving as a magistrate

Barriers-busy lives , lack of interest , lack of awareness

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2
Q

Indirect and direct action
What is it ?
Examples ?

A

Direct action-when people try achieve political goals themselves eg campains boycotts strikes

Indirect action-when people try to influence politicians to act for them eg voting lobbying pressure groups

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3
Q

Why do people contribute to society?

A

Concern about making a difference
Personal experience
Influence from culture or religion
Ambition

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4
Q

Why people don’t participate in politics ?

A

Lack of interest
Physical obstacles eg time
Lack of knowledge
Feel like their voice will not make a difference

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5
Q

How can we improve voter engagement

A

Make voting compulsory
Citizenship education
Make voting more convenient
Improve relationships with politicians

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6
Q

What is Digital democracy

Advantages
Disaadvantes

A

It’s the use of technology to engage voters into politics

Makes voting easier and more accessible
High security is needed

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7
Q

Improving participation through social media

-
+

A

Messages can be targeted to voters
Shares and likes help send a message

Fake news can confuse voters
Politicians need to be careful on what they post

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8
Q

Name 2 non democratic and democratic countries

A

Non-north Korea and Syria

Demo-Norway Sweden

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9
Q

Democratic and non democratic features

A

Demo- free and fair elections ,freedom of expression,most citizens can vote and stand for election, free press

Non-no free press , has dictators ,no rule of law, can be punished for criticism

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10
Q

What are public serves and examples

A

They include schools hospitals courts

Funded through the government and are staffed by paid workers

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11
Q

What are charités and voluntary groups

A

They allow citizens to volunteer their time and skills

Work to support a cause in society and make no profit

Aim to raise awareness and funds to create a change
Eg Oxfam wateraid

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12
Q

Interest and pressure groups

A

Interest groups -people that share a common interest that may or may not be political

Pressure groups -interest groups that put pressure on the government to adopt policies to help the issue that they care about or influence public opinion

They can be local national or even international

They hold the government to account by spreading power and influence throughout society

Insider pressure groups consult the government for expert info eg the British medical association

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13
Q

What are trade unions?

A

Trade unions act on the behalf of workers
They provide workers a voice and represent their interests to their employers

Eg they protect workers right ,pay and conditions

they can represent at a tribunal or use collective bargaining

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14
Q

Working together to use power and influence

A

It’s much easier to improve society by working together

When citizens pool their efforts they can increase their power and influence on politicians and public opinion

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15
Q

rights in the workplace

A

a contract of employment
a minimum wage
protection from discrimination
higher national living wage
health and safety

these can be protected by negotiation representation and support

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16
Q

the media
what is free press

A

the media has a role in influencing and informing the public

free press means the media can report without government sensorship

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17
Q

why may the government need limit freedom of press

A

the government may need to sensor certain bits of the press for reasons like national security or to maintain public order

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18
Q

rights of the media

A

freedom of expression is a human right

the media can criticize governments without being punished

media can make sure businesses and politicians are not breaking the law

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19
Q

press regulator

A

regulation is important to set out the medias responsivities

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20
Q

the leverson enquiry

A

followed criticism of the media due to a lack of respect to a family with a missing child

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21
Q

reasons why sensorship may occur

A

to protect our national security
respect court case restriction
protect people rights

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22
Q

public opinion

A

the views people hold on that issues that effect our lives and community

23
Q

government and those in power

A

government itself is concerned about shaping public opinion

political parties employ spin doctors-media experts who tailor their messages to maximize the effectiveness

24
Q

the eu

A

aims-to encourage co-operation on issues like peace security trade and the environment and social issues between countries

uk joined in 1973 and left in 2016

has 28 member countries
-european commision,parliment,council of ministers and court of justice

25
Q

the council of europe

A

aims-promote human rights ,democracy and rule of law

set up in 1949 to rebuild and maintain peace

uk was a founding member and permanent representative

cant make binding laws but can enforce international agreements

26
Q

benefits and drawback of being in the eu

(free trade)

A

the eu is a trade free area meaning there are no expensive border checks

companies in these countries have access to a market of over 500 million people

competition in this market helps keep prices low for consumers

-members are obliged to give preferential treatment to other members

27
Q

benefits and drawback of being in the eu

(FINANCIAL SUPPORT FOR INFRASTRUCTURE )

A

eu regional funds provide financial support for the regeneration of depressed areas and outdated infrastructure

-members have to pay into the eu to fund all of the operations

28
Q

benefits and drawback of being in the eu

legislation

A

the eu has contributed to peace since ww2
there is cooperation across borders on fighting crime
people living in the eu can live ,work,travel in any eu state

-members of the eu enforce arrest warrants for citizens of other countries

eu had primary

29
Q

setting standards for consumer rights

A

traders must provide clear info for consumers

consumers are protected by product liability directive

30
Q

The un

A

It’s a international organisation
Set up in 1945. To avoid another war
193 member countries
Upholds international law and delivers humanitarian aid

Promotes sustainable development

31
Q

What are some sub bodies of un

A

The human rights council-uphold human rights

The world food programme -helps get aid to countries in disaster

UNICEF-helps children over the world

32
Q

Functions of the un

A

Maintain international peace and security
Protect human right
Deliver aid
Uphold international law

33
Q

NATO

A

Set up in 1949to defend Western Europe

Aims to guarantee freedom and security of members by military and political means

34
Q

The commonwealth

A

Made up of countries that were once in the British empire

The king is the head

Promotes economic social and sustainable development

Supports democracy peace

35
Q

World trade organisation

A

International organisation that deal with trade between countries

Set up in 1995

Puts in rules on how countries do trade with each other

Aims to make trade free and open

36
Q

Free press

A

Media not controlled or censored by government censorship

37
Q

What is the press regulator called

A

Indépendant press standards organisation

38
Q

What’s is the least used way to resolve international conflict

A

Humanitarian aid

39
Q

Benefits and drawback of the uk being in the un

A

The uk can count on assistance from other members in case of disaster
The uk has financial assistance from the world bank

-the uk has to pay a mêmber ship fee
Contribute troops

40
Q

Benefits and drawbacks of the uk being in nato

A

Uk military can share expert knowledge with other countries to help win in conflict

Working together with like minded countries can help improve security

-Uk is commîtes to send troops over to serve under command

Uk is committed to spend 2% of its budget on nato

41
Q

Benefits an drawbacks of the uk being in commonwealth

A

The uk benefits from strong connections with other countries

The uk can rely on support from other members if attacked

-the uk pays into the commonwealth
The uk has to uphold peace and democracy

42
Q

Benefits and drawback of the uk being in the world trade org

A

Trade is smoother as all the countries know the rules and stick to them

It helps to resolve trade disputes

-Membership involves a commitment to avoid barriers to trade

The uk can not be biased in any trade

43
Q

International court of justice

A

The icoj settles legal disputes between member nations of the un

44
Q

Humanitarian intervention

A

Where countries act to tackle the abuses of human rights in another country

45
Q

NGOs

A

Bodies not run by the government
Not profit
Might be charities wateraid oxfam,unicef or save the children

they can work with governments

dont take sides in conflict

46
Q

How resource impact ngo

A

They heavily relie on funding from the public can work with governmental organisations

47
Q

Mediation

A

Involves bringing together different sides from a dispute

Aimed to find a negotiated solution

Neutral third party

All sides must be heard

48
Q

Sanctions

A

Penalties for breaking rules in international situations

Put pressure in sides

Eg not letting a sell goods
Ban on selling military equipment
Expelling The countries diplomats

49
Q

Force

A

Force is last resort
Eg military
Supplying equipment
And setting up no fly zones

50
Q

UN Security Council

A

Not a government and doesn’t make laws

Has representatives from all countries who vote on key isssues

If there is conflict then they discuss what actions to take

51
Q

what are the genva conventions ?

A

they are a set of key agreements in international humanitarian law

they are accepted by most countries and set out the rules of war

52
Q

what is international humanitarian law

A

the rules set out between countries that protects the human rights of citizens during war

53
Q

international criminal court

A

set up in 2002 in netherlands
independant from the un
hears the most serious cases eg genocide
only when national courts cant deal with a case

Citizenship Paper 2 Revision (1 decks)

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