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TECH TEST > Cisco Sonet > Flashcards

Cisco Sonet Flashcards

1
Q

SONET : optical signals and synchronous frame for multiplexed digital traffic.
ANSI Standards T1.105, 106, 117

A

SONET defines optical signals and a synchronous frame structure for multiplexed digital traffic. It is a set of standards that define the rates and formats for optical networks specified in ANSI T1.105, ANSI T1.106, and ANSI T1.117.

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2
Q

SONET:

A

SONET equipment is generally used in North America, and SDH (European version) equipment is generally accepted everywhere else in the world.

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3
Q

SONET:

STS frame format

A

The frame format used by SONET is the Synchronous Transport Signal (STS), with STS-1 as the base-level signal at 51.84 Mbps.

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4
Q

SONET:

STS-1 frame= OC-1 signal

A

STS-1 frame can be carried in an OC-1 signal.

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5
Q

SONET:

3 STS-1 signals multiplexed to form STS-3 signal

A

Multiple lower-level signals can be multiplexed to form higher-level signals.

For example, three STS-1 signals can be multiplexed together to form an STS-3 signal

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6
Q

SONET: Framing

9 rows by 90 bytes

A

A standard STS-1 frame is nine rows by 90 bytes.

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7
Q

SONET:

Ring Topology

A

SONET is very widely deployed in telco space, and is frequently used in a ring configuration.

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8
Q

CISCO SWITCHES:

2 Types Fixed/Modular

A

Cisco offers two types of network switches: fixed configuration and modular switches.

With fixed configuration switches, you cannot swap or add another module, like you can with a modular switch.

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9
Q

CISCO SWITCHES:

(Enterprise Access Layers = Fixed Switches) 2960x Fixed Switch

A

In enterprise ACCESS layers, you will find fixed configuration switches, like the Cisco Catalyst, 2960-X

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10
Q

CISCO SWITCHES:

(Enterprise Distribution Layer = Fixed ot Modular) 3850x Modular Switch

A

In the enterprise DISTRIBUTION layer, you will find either “fixed or modular” switches depending on campus network requirements.

An example of a modular switch that can be found in the distribution layer is the Cisco Catalyst 3850-X series.

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11
Q

CISCO SWITCHES:

3850x

A

This series of switches allows you to select different network modules (Ethernet or fiber optic)

and redundant power supply

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12
Q

CISCO SWITCHES:
3850x = small bus./core layer
3850x = large bus./ access layer

A

In small businesses without a distribution layer, the 3850-X can be found in the core layer.

In large enterprise networks, you might find 3850-X in the access layer

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13
Q

CISCO SWITCHES:

Core Layer 6500/6800 switches

A

In the enterprise core layer, you will often find modular switches such as the Cisco Catalyst 6500 or the Catalyst 6800 series.

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14
Q

CISCO SWITCHES:

High Traffic = 4500x

A

If you have a network where there is a lot of traffic, you have the option to leverage the Cisco Catalyst 4500-X series switches into the distribution layer.

supports supervisor/route process redundancy and 10 Gigabit Ethernet.

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15
Q

CISCO SWITCHES:

All switches are managed

A

All switches within the 2960-X, 3850-X, 4500-X, and 6800-X series are managed.

This means that you can configure an IP address on the device.

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16
Q

CISCO SWITCHES:

Managed IP can Conn to device with SSH/Telnet to make changes

A

having a management IP address, you can connect to the device using Secure Shell (SSH) or Telnet and change device settings.

An unmanaged switch is only appropriate for a home or very small business environment.

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17
Q

ROUTERS:

Conn applications across cloud/data center

A

Seamlessly and securely connect applications across your cloud, data center, and edge locations.

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18
Q

MAC Address:

A

To figure out where a frame must be sent, the switch will look up its MAC address table.

The switch listens to incoming frames and checks the source MAC addresses.

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19
Q

CISCO Switches:

Layer 2 Ethernet switch operates at the data link layer of OSI

A

A Layer 2 Ethernet switch operates at the Data Link Layer of the OSI model.

These types of switches make decisions about forwarding frames based on the destination “MAC addresses” found within the frame.

20
Q

Data Transmission Protocols:

telecommunications, communication protocols are rules that determine the format and transmission of data.

A
  • Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) – used for data transmission. Computers communicate over long distances. The Internet is a packet-switched network
  • User Datagram Protocol (UDP) – used by programs to send short datagram messages.
  • Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) – messages used for diagnostic or error-generating purposes
21
Q

MEDIA CONVERTERS:

RS 232

A

The RS-232 interface standard for serial data communication established by the Electronic Industries Alliance (EIA). The original number is EIA-RS-232 (232, RS232 for short).

It is widely used for computer serial interface peripheral connections. Connect cables and mechanical, electrical, signal, and transfer processes.

The data transmission rate specified by the RS-232-C standard is 50, 75, 100, 150, 300, 600, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200 baud per second.

22
Q

MEDIA CONVERTER:
RS485
half-duplex mode of operation, and only one point can be sent at any time.

A

The RS-485 serial bus is widely used when the communication distance is required to be several kilometers.

RS-485 uses balanced transmit and differential receive, so it has the ability to reject common-mode interference.

In addition to the high sensitivity, it can detect voltages as low as 200mV, so the transmitted signal can be recovered beyond the kilometer.

23
Q

MEDIA CONVERTERS:
RS422
Full Duolex

A

sent and received in differential mode, and no digital ground is required.

Differential operation is the fundamental reason for the long transmission distance under the same rate condition.

RS-422 can work and receive without full-duplex operation through two pairs of twisted pairs.

24
Q

T1 Connection:

Conn ISP to Internet ‘s infrastructure. carries about 1.5 mbs of data per second,

A

telecommunications connection used especially to connect Internet service providers to the Internet’s infrastructure.

Bell Labs 1960’s

Full digital, full-duplex exchange of data over traditional wire, coaxial cable, optical fibre, microwave relay, or other communications media.

25
Q

T1 Conn:

24 voice and signals

A

24 voiceband signals (or the digital equivalent) are time-division multiplexed together.

TDM process interleaves 24 8-bit time slots together, with a single frame-synchronization bit,

26
Q

Ethernet:

Computer Networking Technology

A

way of connecting computers together in a local area network or LAN. It has been the most widely used method of linking computers together in LANs since the 1990s. The basic idea is that multiple computers have access to it and can send data at any time.

Created1973 by Xerox Corp.

A standard for wireless Ethernet, known as Wi-Fi, common for small office and home networks. Using frequencies from 2.4 to 5 ghz

27
Q

Fiber:

Carry Light

A

A fiber-optic cable, also known as an optical-fiber cable,

is an assembly similar to an electrical cable, but containing one or more optical fibers that are used to carry light.

28
Q

Fiber:

Core/Cladding

A

Optical fiber consists of a core and a cladding layer,

29
Q

Fiber Optic Cable:

A

communication method of transmitting information from one place to another by sending pulses of infrared light through an optical fiber

30
Q

Fiber Optic:

Single-Mode

A

single-mode optical fiber (SMF) is an optical fiber designed to carry only a single mode of light - the transverse mode

31
Q

Fiber Optic:

Multi-Mode

A

Multi-mode optical fiber is a type of optical fiber mostly used for communication over short distances, such as within a building or on a campus. Multi-mode

32
Q

Dry Contact Relay Operation:

•Detect Open/Closed Switch. Conn. 1 side to grnd/other to digital input

A

To detect whether a mechanical switch is open or closed, connect one side of the switch to the LabJack’s ground and the other side to a digital input.

33
Q

Ip Camera:

Digital Internet cam for surveillance.

A

An IP (Internet Protocol) camera is a digital video camera that’s used for surveillance.

IP cameras transmit their data through a Fast Ethernet Link.

IP cameras are made for internet use and receives their data from the internet and/or a LAN network.

34
Q

Ip Camera:

Computer to see data

A

computer is needed to see the data, the IP camera doesn’t need to depend on the computer to work.

Image Quality (read license plates better)

35
Q

DC - Direct Current

A

Direct current (DC), which is electricity flowing in a constant direction, and/or possessing a voltage with constant polarity.

DC is the kind of electricity made by a battery with pos. And neg. Terminals

36
Q

AC -Alternating Current

A

electromechanical generators produce voltages alternating in polarity, reversing positive and negative over time.

Either a voltage switching polarity

or

as a current switching direction back and forth

37
Q

Ethernet Crossover Cable:

Conn same type.

A

An Ethernet crossover cable is a Ethernet Cable used to connect two devices of the same type, e.g. two computers

38
Q

Ethernet Straight-Through:

Conn. Diff types.

A

Straight through (patch cables) are used to connect devices of different types, such as a computer to network switch.

39
Q

Ethernet Crossover Pinout:

Leap Frog

A 
1-3 org/wht
2-6 org
3-1 grn/wht
6-2 blue
4-7 blue/wht
5-8 grn
7-4 brwn/wht
8-5 brwn
40
Q

Ethernet Straight Through Pinout:

A

Pin 1 connector A goes to Pin 1 connector B, Pin 2 to Pin 2, etc

1 wht/org
2 org
3 wht/grn
4 blue
5 Wht/blue
6 grn
7 wht/brwn
8 brwn
41
Q

Test Equipment:

• OTDR • VFL• DMM

A

OTDR - (Optical Time Domain Reflectometer)

VFL - Visual Fault Light

T-Berd Network Tester

DMM - Digital Multimeter

BUTT Set

Wand and Toner

42
Q

Power Meter:

A

Measures signal strength from the source. db/dbm

Optical loss - dB
Optical Power - dbm

43
Q

Single Mode (SM):
•Higher capacity “Laser”
(100 Gbps / 200km)

A
  • Long distance,
  • yellow color.
  • 9um core cable size
44
Q

Multi-Mode (MM):
• Lower capacity LED Light
(1 Gbps / 300m)

A
  • Shorter distances,
  • more simultaneous functions,
  • slower speeds…
  • (62.5um) core size,
  • orange color (0M1)
  • 1gb speeds, 300m lans

• Aqua color Multi-Mode (50um) cable size (0M4) 10gb speeds, 550m big networks

45
Q

OHMs Law:

I =V/R

A

Current (I) through a conductor between two points is directly proportionate to the voltage (V) across the two points.

Resistance (R) is constant independent of Current (I).

TECH TEST (1 decks)

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