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sociologija > cisco > Flashcards

cisco Flashcards

1
Q

Who owns internet?

A

No one

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2
Q

Which local networks are there?

A

small home networks, soho,medium and large, world wide network

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3
Q

What is rfid?

A

Radio frequenci id, used to indetnify products

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4
Q

types of personal data_

A

volunteered, observed, inferred

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5
Q

types of signals

A

electrical, optical, wireless

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6
Q

What is host, what is server, what is client

A

hosts are all computers directly participating in network communication. serevrs are hosts that have software that provide information, clients use information

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7
Q

what is p2p

A

peer to peer, computers communicating are both servers and clients

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8
Q

advantages and disadvantages of p2p

A

easy to set up, less complex,lower cost,
no centralized communication, not as secure, slower

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9
Q

what is gps

A

global positioning system, uses satelites

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10
Q

what is hotspot

A

area where hotspot signals are avaibale

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11
Q

what is nfc

A

near filed communication- used for paying

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12
Q

what lan stands for

A

local area network

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13
Q

what are lan components_

A

hosts,peripheral devices, networking devices, network media

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14
Q

What is nic?

A

network interface card - piece of hw that enables device to connect to network medium

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15
Q

What is ip adress, what is subnet mask, what is default gateaway

A
  • IP address - This identifies the host on the network.
  • Subnet mask - This is used to identify the network on which the host is connected.
  • Default gateway - This identifies the networking device that the host uses to access the internet or another remote network.
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16
Q

What is purpose of the networks?

A

The primary purpose of any network is to provide us with a method to communicate and share information.

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17
Q

What all communication have in common

A

sender,reciever, transmission medium

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18
Q

What is supposed to be done before communication?

A

Before beginning to communicate with each other, we establish rules or agreements to govern the conversation. These agreements include the following:
* What method of communication should we use? //metod
* What language should we use? //jezik
* Do we need to confirm that our messages are received? //potvrda

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19
Q

What is rfc, what is ietfc

A

The IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) records and publishes internet standards in documents known as: RFC(request for communication)

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20
Q

types of protocols

A

HTTPhyper txt transfer - governs the way web server and web client interact
TCPtransmission control - manages the individual conversation; guarantees reliable delivering of the information
IPinternet – delivering messages from sender to receiver
EPethernet – delivering messages from one NIC to another NIC on the same ethernet network

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21
Q

What are tcp/i[ model layers?

A

Application
Transport
Internet -Determines the best path through the network.
Network Access -Controls the hardware devices and media that make up the network.

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22
Q

what is reference model

A

This type of model describes the functions that must be completed at a particular layer, but does not specify exactly how a function should be accomplished.

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23
Q

osi model layers

A

7 - Application
6 - Presentation
5 - Session
4 - Transport
3 - Network
2 - Data Link
1 - Physical

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24
Q

what maintain the networking standards

A

The Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers, or IEEE

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25
Q

What is use of Ethernet protocols

A

Ethernet protocols define how data is formatted and how it is transmitted over the wired network. The Ethernet standards specify protocols that operate at Layer 1 and Layer 2 of the OSI model.

26
Q

what is mac

A

known as the Media Access Control (MAC) address. The MAC address identifies each source and destination host on the network.

27
Q

ethernet frame fields

A

preamble and sfd 8B
destination mac adress
source mac adress
type/length
data
fcs

28
Q

Can you change mac adress

A

no, it is physically assigned to the host NIC and is known as the physical address. The physical address remains the same regardless of where the host is placed on the network.

29
Q

can you change ip adress?

A

The IP address is similar to the address of a person. It is known as a logical address because it is assigned logically based on where the host is located. The IP address, or network address, is assigned to each host by a network administrator based on the local network.

30
Q

Hijerarhijski dizajn

A
  • Access Layer - This layer provides connections to hosts in a local Ethernet network(LAN).
  • Distribution Layer - This layer interconnects the smaller local networks.
  • Core Layer - This layer provides a high-speed connection between distribution layer devices
31
Q

what are hubs

A

Ethernet hubs contain multiple ports that are used to connect hosts to the network. Hubs are simple devices that do not have the necessary electronics to decode the messages sent between hosts on the network. Hubs cannot determine which host should get any particular message. A hub simply accepts electronic signals from one port and regenerates (or repeats) the same message out all of the other ports. All hosts attached to the hub share the bandwidth, and will receive the message. Hosts ignore the messages that are not addressed to them. Only the host specified in the destination address of the message processes the message and responds to the send

32
Q

what is an ethernet switch

A

An Ethernet switch is a device that is used at the access layer. When a host sends a message to another host connected to the same switched network, the switch accepts and decodes the frames to read the physical (MAC) address portion of the message.

33
Q

What is mac addresse table

A

A table on the switch, called a MAC address table, contains a list of all of the active ports and the host MAC addresses that are attached to them. When a message is sent between hosts, the switch checks to see if the destination MAC address is in the table. If it is, the switch builds a temporary connection, called a circuit, between the source and destination ports.

34
Q

What happens when the switch receives a frame addressed to a new host that is not yet in the MAC address table?

A

If the destination MAC address is not in the table, the switch does not have the necessary information to create an individual circuit.

35
Q

How does the MAC address of a new host get into the MAC address table?

A

A switch builds the MAC address table by examining the source MAC address of each frame that is sent between hosts. When a new host sends a message or responds to a flooded message, the switch immediately learns its MAC address and the port to which it is connected. The table is dynamically updated each time a new source MAC address is read by the switch.

36
Q

So, how is it possible for a host to contact every other host on the local network without sending out a separate message to each individual MAC?

A

To solve this problem, broadcast messages are sent to a unique MAC address that is recognized by all hosts. The broadcast MAC address is actually a 48-bit address made up of all ones. Because of their length, MAC addresses are usually represented in hexadecimal notation. The broadcast MAC address in hexadecimal notation is FFFF.FFFF.FFFF. Each F in the hexadecimal notation represents four ones in the binary address.

37
Q

What are Ipv4 and Ipv6

A

The sending host can use an IPv4 protocol called address resolution protocol (ARP) to discover the MAC address of any host on the same local network. IPv6 uses a similar method known as Neighbor Discovery.

38
Q

What is broadcast?

A

It allows that an info can be sent to all hosts on the network

39
Q

What is broadcast mac adress

A

ffff ffff ffff

40
Q

what are IPv4 and IPv6

A

arp and neighbor discovery - used to discover any host on the network

41
Q

How arp function_

A

info is sent. each host on the network receive info. if they have sam ipv4 they will send it to original sender. info is saved in arp table

42
Q

what is criteria for deviding network?

A

Broadcast containment
Security requirements
Physical locations
Logical grouping

43
Q

what are remote hosts?

A

devices that are beyond lan segment

44
Q

What is router

A

device that conects multiple layer 3 ip adresses

45
Q

What is routing table

A

shows adresses of networks and best paths. notc concerned about individual hosts

46
Q

What happens if router doesnt know where to share info

A

it will drop it

46
Q

What is intranet

A

private lan taht belongs to organizations

46
Q

what is default route

A

where router forfards the info with unknown ip

47
Q

What is default gateway

A

all hosts on lan use default gateway adress to send mes to router. it is important that the correct default gateway is congigured on each host

47
Q

Adv and disadv of all hosts in one local segment

A

adv: simple,cheapre, all devices see each other, faster data transfer,easy device acces
dis: more traffic, harder to implement QoS, less secure, slow network performance

47
Q

what every ipv4 has

A

The logical 32-bit IPv4 address is hierarchical and is made up of two parts, the network and the host

48
Q

what is purpose of Ipv4

A

he IPv4 address is a logical network address that identifies a particular host. It must be properly configured and unique within the LAN, for local communication. It must also be properly configured and unique in the world, for remote communication. This is how a host is able to communicate with other devices on the internet.

48
Q

what are adv and dasadv of hosts on remote segment

A

larger,split up broadcast, devices invisible to each other, secure, improved network organization
dis: requers routing, routers can slow down trafic, complex,expensive

49
Q

what is ipv2 subnet mas

A

255.255.255.0.

50
Q

how many possible host adresses are there

A

2^8 -2

51
Q

how are ipv4 adresses clasified

A

0.0.0 -127.0.0
128.0.1 - 191.255.0
192.0.0.0 - 223.255.255.0
There is also a Class D multicast block consisting of 224.0.0.0 to 239.0.0.0 and a Class E experimental address block consisting of 240.0.0.0 - 255.0.0.0.

52
Q

what are private adres blocks

A

10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255
172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255
192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255

53
Q

what is iana? what is rir

A

Both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses are managed by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) (http://www.iana.org). The IANA manages and allocates blocks of IP addresses to the Regional Internet Registries (RIRs).

RIRs are responsible for allocating IP addresses to ISPs who in turn provide IPv4 address blocks to organizations and smaller ISPs.

54
Q

what is unicast

A

Unicast communication is used for normal host-to-host communication in both a client/server and a peer-to-peer network. Unicast packets use the address of the destination device as the destination address and can be routed through an internetwork.
0.0.0.0 to 223.255.255.255

55
Q

what is multicast

A

Multicast transmission reduces traffic by allowing a host to send a single packet to a selected set of hosts that subscribe to a multicast group.
224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255
The IPv4 multicast addresses 224.0.0.0 to 224.0.0.255 are reserved for multicasting on the local network only.

sociologija (3 decks)

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