CIS renal II end of section Flashcards
advantage of nitroglycerin
over nitroprusside bc it preferentially dilates veins more than arterioles, thus enhancing oxygenation of mycoardial cells
- CABG
- MI
- unstable angina
- left ventricular failure
cancers that cause ascites
25% is ovarian cancer
if have proteinuria why not IgA nephropathy, interstiial nephrisits, or tubular necrosis
those are all tubular processes, proteinuria is glomerular
differential diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome systemic causes
dm, sle, amyloidosis
- drugs: gold, penicillamine, probenecid, captopril, nsaids, heroin
infections: bacterial endocarditis, hep b, shunts, syphilis, malaria
malignancy: hodgkin’s, nhl, leukemia, ca-breast and GO
how do you confirm and diagnose primary glomerular disease
biopsy needed
eosinohils level can help diagnose what with urine
allergic interstitial nephritis
need to specifically request on urine
seen with nsaids, and penicllin use
-get fever, eosinophilia, and rash
bland vs active urine sediment
active- any positive findings on microscopic, particularly those suggesting kidney disase
-bland is normal
bland vs active
hyaline cast urate crystals dysmorphic red cells leukocyte esterase eosinophils
hyaline casts- bland
urate crystals- gout
dysmorphic red cell- red cell casts, glomerular disease
leukocyte esterase- bacterial infection, uti
eosinophils- allergic interstitial nephritis
reversible factors of kidney disease
NIH SHOE
nephrotoxic agents, infection, heart failure
severe/urgent HTN, hypokalemia/hyperuricemia/hypercalcemia, obstruction, ECF volume depletion or sig hypotension
uremia general
fatigue weakness,
sallow appearing, chorniclly ill
uremia skin
pruritis, bruise easy
-pallor, ecchymoses, excoriations, edma, xerosis
uremia ENT
metallic taste in mouth, epistaxis
uirnous breath
uremia eye
pale conjunctiva
uremia pulmonary
shortness of breath
-rales, pleural effusion
uremia CV
dyspnea on exertion, retrosternal pain on inspiration
-hypertension, cardiomegaly friction rub
