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Clin Med > CIRDC > Flashcards

CIRDC Flashcards

1
Q

what type of general signs do we see with CIRDC? are they common?

A

Common, acute, highly contagious cause of respiratory (eyes, nasal, mouth/naso- pharyngeal) tract signs in dogs

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2
Q

what does CIRDC stand for?

A

canine infectious respiratory disease complex

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3
Q

other names for CIRDC

A

Also known as: infectious tracheobronchitis, ‘kennel cough’, ‘canine cough’

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4
Q

why is CIRDC referred to as a ‘complex’?

A

Often referred to as a ‘complex’ because it is a multi-agent infection

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5
Q

are clinical signs of CIRDC due to only a single pathogen?

A

Clinical signs can be due to a single pathogen or a combination of pathogens

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6
Q

what ages of dogs will get CIRDC? does age make a difference?

A

Can occur in dogs of all ages, puppies prone to more severe clinical disease

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7
Q

are any breeds particularly susceptible to CIRDC?

A

No real breed predilection although brachycephalic breeds may be more susceptible to clinical disease (due to conformation of nasal/naso-pharyngeal passages)

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8
Q

how is CIRDC transmitted?

A

Transmitted via “social” (nose to nose, mouth to mouth contact), sneezing, coughing, barking…via direct contact & via aerosolised droplets

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9
Q

what agents cause CIRDC?

A

Multiple agents possible (“complex” of pathogens)
*Bordetella bronchiseptica
*Canine Parainfluenza Virus (CPIV)
*Canine Adenovirus 2 (CAD-2)
**Canine Influenza Virus (CIV, H3N2, H3N8)

Canine Herpesvirus
Mycoplasma spp.
Streptococcus spp.

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10
Q

what pathogens commonly cause clinical signs of CIRDC?

A

*Bordetella bronchiseptica
*Canine Parainfluenza Virus (CPIV)
*Canine Adenovirus 2 (CAD-2)

**Canine Influenza Virus (CIV, H3N2, H3N8) can also cause clinical signs, if we suspect this we should test for it

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11
Q

what are the clinical signs of CIRDC due to B. bronchiseptica,
CPIV, CAD-2 complex?

A
  • Acute onset, non-productive hacking cough
  • ‘sounds like something is stuck in throat’
  • Not a ‘goosehonk’ sound cough (dynamic airway disease)
  • May have terminal retching – non-productive
  • Often an inducible cough, or a spontaneous cough
  • Worse with exercise & activity
  • Nasal or ocular discharge
  • Submandibular lymphadenopathy
  • Maybe a mild pyrexia
  • Mild – moderate lethargy
  • Mild – moderate decreased appetite
  • Severe cases: progress to pneumonia -> harsh lung sounds, pyrexia, dyspnea+/-cyanosis
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12
Q

Clinical signs of CIRDC due to CIV, H3N2, H3N8. What are the different forms and their signs?

A
  • Subclinical form: minimal/absent clinical signs
  • *Mild upper respiratory tract form: pyrexia, cough, nasal discharge, sneezing, anorexia, lethargy
  • Severe form: mild (above) + life threatening pneumonia possibly leading to death
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13
Q

with CIV, H3N2, H3N8 CIRDC, what’s different from the B. bronchiseptica + CPIV + CAD-2 complex?

A

A: may be clinically distinguishable/clinical suspicion increases when: cough persisting for up to 21 days, pyrexia, mucopurulent nasal discharge, lethargy, inappetence

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14
Q

Risk factors for CIRDC?

A
  • Boarding facilities, doggy daycares, grooming facilities, dog parks, dog shows, dog sporting events, behaviour & training classes, puppy classes, breeding facilities, pet stores
  • Taking a sick dog to the park (!)
  • Taking a dog diagnosed with CIRDC to socialise with other dogs (!)
  • Drinking from communal water bowls at parks, cafes, restaurants
  • Fomites transmission for CIV possible e.g. humans who contact infected dogs -> on hands & clothes (also caution for other CIRDC pathogens)
  • Stress from other disease process…places individual dog at higher risk
  • Unvaccinated dogs
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15
Q

when can B. bronchseptica + CPIV + CAD-2 CIRDC pathogens be shed? when are dogs contagious?

A
  • B. bronchseptica + CPIV + CAD-2: pathogens can be shed before dogs show clinical signs. Once with clinical signs shedding typically last 7-10 days, therefore typically contagious for 7-10 days
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16
Q

what is the incubation time for CIV CIRDC? when is peak shedding? how long do clinical signs last and how long are they contagious for?

A

CIV: incubation time 1-5 days after exposure. Peak shedding occurs 2-4 days after infection & often before clinical signs are obvious. Clinical signs can last 2-4 weeks, dogs are typically considered contagious for up to 4 weeks

17
Q

how can we treat B.bronchiseptica+CPIV+CAD-2 complex?

A
  • Cough control/suppression/symptomatic relief: anti-tussive treatment when needed (e.g. butorphanol, codeine, hydrocodone, dextromethorphan, ‘cough elixir’). Clinical Tip: mix with ice-cream or yoghurt J. Contraindicated if cough is productive in nature.
    • Swap out collar/lead for a harness instead: decreased pressure around the trachea
  • Ensure eating and hydrated: offer soft food
  • Antibiotic treatment generally not required unless you suspect pneumonia, lower respiratory tract infection, severe secondary bacterial infection
  • Consider antibiotics if fever, lethargy, inappetence is present with mucopurulent discharge
  • In uncomplicated cases: cough will be self limiting in 7-14 days
  • Keep infected/symptomatic dog away from other dogs! This also limits dog’s activity -> which may be a trigger for coughing!
  • No need for hospitalisation. At home is treatment sufficient
18
Q

do we generally use antibiotics for B.bronchiseptica+CPIV+CAD-2 complex? when should we consider using them?

A
  • Antibiotic treatment generally not required unless you suspect pneumonia, lower respiratory tract infection, severe secondary bacterial infection
  • Consider antibiotics if fever, lethargy, inappetence is present with mucopurulent discharge
19
Q

in uncomplicated B.bronchiseptica+CPIV+CAD-2 complex cases, how long will cough last ?

A
  • In uncomplicated cases: cough will be self limiting in 7-14 days
20
Q

how do we treat CIV, H3N2 H3N8 cases? how long will coughing last?

A

-In mild, uncomplicated forms: supportive care as previous slide
* Cough should be self limiting in uncomplicated/ otherwise well dogs but can last for 2-4 weeks
* Nebulisation can help: helps to moisten & warm nasal passages/airways to allow dislodgement of muco-purulent discharge
* Game changer when severe form involving lower respiratory tract clinical signs: hospitalisation, oxygen therapy, IV fluids, radiographs, treat any secondary bacterial ds, isolate from other dogs while in hospital…

21
Q

how do we treat CIV, H3N2 H3N8 cases? how long will coughing last?

A

-In mild, uncomplicated forms: supportive care as previous slide
* Cough should be self limiting in uncomplicated/ otherwise well dogs but can last for 2-4 weeks
* Nebulisation can help: helps to moisten & warm nasal passages/airways to allow dislodgement of muco-purulent discharge
* Game changer when severe form involving lower respiratory tract clinical signs: hospitalisation, oxygen therapy, IV fluids, radiographs, treat any secondary bacterial ds, isolate from other dogs while in hospital…

Clin Med (5 decks)

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