Circulatory system in humans Flashcards
What is the structure of the red blood cell?
Small
Biconcave disc shape - increases surface
area so there is more membrane for oxygen to diffuse through
No nucleus
Regular shaped
Cell membrane contains haemoglobin for transport of oxygen
Look at page 4 in your booklet for reference
What is the aorta?
Major blood vessel which carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the body
What do arteries do?
They carry blood away from the heart
What are capillaries?
Smallest and thinnest blood vessels
What is cardiovascular disease?
Disease of the heart and circulatory system
What are coronary arteries?
Blood vessels on the surface of the heart that supply the muscle with blood
What is deoxygenated blood?
Blood that had most of its oxygen removed
What is meant by a double circulation?
Heart separated into two sides. Half goes to the body and other half goes to the head. It separates oxygen to deoxygenate and oxygenate .
What is haemoglobin?
Carry’s oxygen and gives red blood cells its colour
What is a pathogen?
A disease-causing organism
The function of the heart? And what is it made out of?
- Pump blood to parts of the body
2. It’s made out of muscle/cardiac muscle
What is a phagocyte?
Type of white blood cell that engulf and destroy bacteria
What is plasma?
The liquid part of blood
Also it carries carbon dioxide Soluble nutrients Hormones Urea
And it also distributes heat
Which blood vessel in the heart takes blood to the heart muscle cells to supply them with oxygen and glucose for respiration?
Coronary arteries
What is a platelet?
Cell fragments that help the blood to clot
What is the pulmonary artery?
Artery that transports deoxygenated blood, from the right ventricle, to the lungs
What is the pulmonary vein?
Vein which returns oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium
Starting from the vena cava, list the vessels, chambers, valves and organs that blood passes through until you reach lungs.
Vena cava > right atrium > tricuspid valve > right ventricle > semi-lunar valve > pulmonary artery > to lungs.
What is the function of the valves in the heart?
Ensure one-way flow of the blood
Why does the left ventricle have the thickest muscular wall?
To pump the blood further around the body with that high pressure
Which chamber has the thinnest wall and why?
Right atrium as it only pumps blood for the next chamber
What does the vein do?
Carry blood into the heart
What is the structure of the artery?
- Thick muscular inner and outer walls
- Smaller lumen
- Elastic
What is the structure of the capillaries?
One cell thick
What is one way that reduces risk of heart disease?
Statins as it lowers level of blood cholesterol
What is the structure of the veins?
- Thinner inner and outer walls
- Larger lumen
- Contains valves
What do valves do?
Prevent backflow of blood
What is the vena cava?
Major blood vessel which returns deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart
What are 3 lifestyle changes that may reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD)?
- Regular exercise
- Less saturated fat + salt in diet
- Stop smoking
What lifestyle factors may greatly increase the risk of a person suffering from cardiovascular disease (CVD)?
- High salt diet = high blood pressure
- Smoking = carbon monoxide limiting how much O2 (oxygen) can be carried
- High fat diet = high blood cholesterol
- Lack of exercise
- Being overweight/obese = fat stored around heart meaning the heart may have to work harder
Structure of phagocyte? (type of white blood cell)
Has a flexible membrane (so the shape of the border is wavey and weird)
Has a lobed nucleus (so the shape of nucleus is weird)
Contains cytoplasm
Look at bottom of page 4 in ur book for reference
Explain how a diet in high saturated fat + salt can cause a person to have a heart attack, a stroke.
High saturated fat diet = increase in blood cholesterol levels and high blood pressure
High cholesterol = cause formation of plaques in walls of coronary arteries meaning less blood can flow through narrowed arteries
Heart muscle cells don’t receive enough oxygen = heart stops contracting causing heart attack
High blood pressure = cause burst in blood vessel in brain = stroke
How do phagocytes engulf other cells? (Particularly bacteria)
They use “cytoplasm arms” aka “pseudopods” to surround the bacteria , trap it, and completely engulf it
Bacteria trapped inside the phagosome are broken down by enzymes (RIP in peace)
Look in page 5 of ur booklet for reference
Starting from the lungs, list the vessels, chambers, valves and organs that blood passes through until you reach the vena cava.
from lungs > pulmonary vein > left atrium > bicuspid valve > left ventricle > semi-lunar valve > aorta > to body > from body > vena cava.
