Circulatory System Flashcards
Name organ X
Lungs
Explain how the heart causes blood to move to organ X
- Blood flows into right atrium
- into right ventricle
- ventricle contracts
- blood pressure increased by heart
- blood moves into pulmonary artery
Vessels W and Y
Vena Cava / Aorta
Describe how blood in vessel W (Vena Cava) is different from blood in vessel Y (Aorta).
- Blood in Vena Cava is deoxygenated
- Blood in Vena Cava is darker red
Explain why wall of left ventricle is is thicker than wall of right ventricle. (2)
- Wall of left ventricle is more muscular because it has to withstand greater pressure of blood compared to right ventricle
- Because left ventricle has to pump blood to whole body unlike right which only pumps to lungs
compare heart rate of fit person to heart rate of the unfit person
- Unfit persons heart rate is faster
- both react the same way eg both peak at 10 mins
- heart rate increases more quickly
- heart rate decreases more slowly than fit person
Explain why recovery period for the fit person was different from the recovery period for the unfit person.
- fit person recovers faster than unfit person
- the fit person has a greater blood flow/cardiac output
- lactic acid does not build up for fit person because they do not undergo anaerobic respiration
Direction that blood flows towards, through and from the heart
D
pulmonary vein —> atrium —> ventricle —> aorta
PAVA
Name the part of the blood that transports most of the carbon dioxide to the lungs.
Plasma
Explain why it is important that cardiac output of athlete increases during exercise
- the muscles are working harder
- so they need more energy
- aerobic respiration needs to occur for more energy and more glucose
- and so carbon dioxide is removed faster
Describe how the circulatory system transports substances around the body.
- Aorta transport blood away from heart
- Vena Cava transport blood to the heart
- Capillaries exchange substances
- substances are carried in the plasma
Suggest the effects HCM may have on an athlete during competitive sport
- less blood as it is not going around the body
- less oxygen to the body
- build up of lactic acid causing muscle fatigues
Vessel X takes …
B
deoxygenated blood to the lungs
Give one reason why the wall of the left ventricle is thicker than the right
- to pump blood around the whole body
Describe what would happen to the flow of blood in the left side of the heart if the bicuspid valve didn’t function
- blood would flow backwards from ventricle to the atrium
- less oxygenated blood would be pumped to the body
Explain how the structure of this blood vessel is related to its function
- has thick walls and small lumen
- to carry oxygenated blood under high pressure
Compare the differences between structure of circulatory system of a fish and the human circulatory system
- Fish heart has 2 chambers, human heart has 4 chambers
- fish heart only has one ventricle and one atrium but human heart has 2 ventricle and 2 atria
- fish only has single circuit circulatory system but human heart has double circulatory system
- only deoxygenated blood flows through fish heart
Suggest how blood flowing through pulmonary artery would be different from blood flowing through the aorta
- blood in pulmonary artery is deoxygenated
- blood in pulmonary artery has lower pressure
Describe the role of the valve
- prevents back flow of blood
- into atrium
Cardiac Output is the volume of blood leaving the …
ventricle every minute
Explain the effects that a reduced cardiac output would have on the muscle cells of an athlete
- less blood flow to muscles
- because less blood leaves the heart
- less oxygen and glucose reaching muscles
- reduced rate of aerobic respiration
- less energy released
- less carbon dioxide removed
- greater rate of anaerobic respiration
- reduced muscle contraction
-build up of lactic acid causing fatigue
