Circulatory System Flashcards
What are the three main type of blood vessels ?
Arteries
Veins
Capillaries
Function of Arteries
Carry OXYGEN-RICH blood AWAY from the heart.
Has thick, elastic, muscular wall
Function of Veins
Veins carry LOW OXYGEN rich blood TOWARDS the heart.
Have thinner, less elastic walls to an artery
Function of Capillaries
Site of exchange of nutrients and wastes between the blood and body cells.
Has very thin wall that allows oxygen, carbon dioxide and nutrients to pass through into the cells
What factors could affect someone’s resting heart rate ?
Gender Temperature Eating Laughing Smoking Body position
Where are the pulse sites in the body ?
Brachial - armpit Temporal - temples Carotid - neck Radial - thumb side of wrist Behind the knee Groin - front of thigh
What makes up (the composition of) blood ?
Red blood cells White blood cells Platelets Haemoglobin Plasma
How much percentage of blood is made up by blood cells ?
45 %
How much percentage of blood is made up by plasma
55 %
What are red blood cells ?
Make up about 99 % of blood cells, carry oxygen and carbon dioxide to and from the cells and muscles; contain haemoglobin
What are white blood cells ?
Pass through capillary walls into cells of the body to fight diseases - by absorbing and digesting the disease
What are platelets ?
Cells in blood which clot a damaged blood vessel
What is plasma ?
Clear fluid in which blood cells are suspended, transports red and white blood cells, nutrients and waste.
What is haemoglobin ?
Gives blood it’s red appearance, substance in the blood that transports oxygen to the body cells
What are the two types of circulation ?
Systemic Circulation
Pulmonary Circulation
What is Systemic Circulation ?
Blood from the heart circulates throughout the arteries and veins of the body and then returns to the heart
What is Pulmonary Circulation ?
Blood from the heart is pumped to the lungs for oxygenation and then transported back to the heart.
What is the flow of blood through the body ?
Right atrium (low in oxygen, high in carbon dioxide) ~ right ventricle ~ lungs (loses carbon dioxide, gains oxygen) ~ left atrium ~ left ventricle ~ aorta ~ arteries ~ arterioles ~ capillaries (oxygen, nutrients given to cells, wastes are removed) ~ veins ~ right atrium
What is blood pressure ?
The measure of how much force is created to push the blood through the blood vessels.
What are the two measurements of blood pressure ?
Systolic blood pressure
Diastolic blood pressure
What is Systolic blood pressure ?
Upper reading, the pressure of blood in the arteries as the left ventricle of the heart CONTRACTS
What is Diastolic blood pressure ?
Lower measure, the pressure of blood in the arteries as the heart RELAXES
What are the short term (acute) affects of exercise ?
Increased heart rate
Increased cardiac output
Increased blood pressure
What are the long term (chronic) effects of exercise ?
Hypertrophy of the heart - heart becomes larger and stronger, more efficient
What is cardiac output ?
The volume of blood pumped around the body in one minute.
Cardiac output is measured by
stroke volume X heart rate
What is resting heart rate ?
The number of heartbeats per minute while at rest
