Circulatory System

Question 1

What are the three main type of blood vessels ?

Answer 1

Arteries
Veins
Capillaries

Question 2

Function of Arteries

Answer 2

Carry OXYGEN-RICH blood AWAY from the heart.

Has thick, elastic, muscular wall

Question 3

Function of Veins

Answer 3

Veins carry LOW OXYGEN rich blood TOWARDS the heart.

Have thinner, less elastic walls to an artery

Question 4

Function of Capillaries

Answer 4

Site of exchange of nutrients and wastes between the blood and body cells.
Has very thin wall that allows oxygen, carbon dioxide and nutrients to pass through into the cells

Question 5

What factors could affect someone’s resting heart rate ?

Answer 5

Gender
Temperature
Eating
Laughing
Smoking
Body position

Question 6

Where are the pulse sites in the body ?

Answer 6

Brachial - armpit
Temporal - temples
Carotid - neck
Radial - thumb side of wrist
Behind the knee
Groin - front of thigh

Question 7

What makes up (the composition of) blood ?

Answer 7

Red blood cells
White blood cells
Platelets  
Haemoglobin
Plasma

Question 8

How much percentage of blood is made up by blood cells ?

Answer 8

45 %

Question 9

How much percentage of blood is made up by plasma

Answer 9

55 %

Question 10

What are red blood cells ?

Answer 10

Make up about 99 % of blood cells, carry oxygen and carbon dioxide to and from the cells and muscles; contain haemoglobin

Question 11

What are white blood cells ?

Answer 11

Pass through capillary walls into cells of the body to fight diseases - by absorbing and digesting the disease

Question 12

What are platelets ?

Answer 12

Cells in blood which clot a damaged blood vessel

Question 13

What is plasma ?

Answer 13

Clear fluid in which blood cells are suspended, transports red and white blood cells, nutrients and waste.

Question 14

What is haemoglobin ?

Answer 14

Gives blood it’s red appearance, substance in the blood that transports oxygen to the body cells

Question 15

What are the two types of circulation ?

Answer 15

Systemic Circulation

Pulmonary Circulation

Question 16

What is Systemic Circulation ?

Answer 16

Blood from the heart circulates throughout the arteries and veins of the body and then returns to the heart

Question 17

What is Pulmonary Circulation ?

Answer 17

Blood from the heart is pumped to the lungs for oxygenation and then transported back to the heart.

Question 18

What is the flow of blood through the body ?

Answer 18

Right atrium (low in oxygen, high in carbon dioxide) ~ right ventricle ~ lungs (loses carbon dioxide, gains oxygen) ~ left atrium ~ left ventricle ~ aorta ~ arteries ~ arterioles ~ capillaries (oxygen, nutrients given to cells, wastes are removed) ~ veins ~ right atrium

Question 19

What is blood pressure ?

Answer 19

The measure of how much force is created to push the blood through the blood vessels.

Question 20

What are the two measurements of blood pressure ?

Answer 20

Systolic blood pressure

Diastolic blood pressure

Question 21

What is Systolic blood pressure ?

Answer 21

Upper reading, the pressure of blood in the arteries as the left ventricle of the heart CONTRACTS

Question 22

What is Diastolic blood pressure ?

Answer 22

Lower measure, the pressure of blood in the arteries as the heart RELAXES

Question 23

What are the short term (acute) affects of exercise ?

Answer 23

Increased heart rate
Increased cardiac output
Increased blood pressure

Question 24

What are the long term (chronic) effects of exercise ?

Answer 24

Hypertrophy of the heart - heart becomes larger and stronger, more efficient

Question 25

What is cardiac output ?

Answer 25

The volume of blood pumped around the body in one minute.
Cardiac output is measured by
stroke volume X heart rate

Question 26

What is resting heart rate ?

Answer 26

The number of heartbeats per minute while at rest