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Circulatory System 3 > Circulatory System 3 > Flashcards

Circulatory System 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the heart valves

A

Valves prevent unwanted back flow of blood into the chambers.

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2
Q

What is the heart muscle called

A

Cardiac muscle, referred to as the myocardium

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3
Q

Where are the semi lunar valves located

A

At the base of the arteries leaving the heart ( aorta and pulmonary)

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4
Q

What are the valves between the atria and the ventricles called

A

Atrioventricular valves

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5
Q

How many coronary arteries are there

A

Two coronary arteries, referred to as the left and right CA

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6
Q

The right coronary artery supplies blood to which area of the heart

A

To the myocardium of the right ventricle

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7
Q

The left coronary artery supplies blood to which parts of the heart

A

Divides into two branches, supplying blood to the left ventricle and the posterior of the heart

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8
Q

What is the term used to describe hardening of the arteries

A

Atherosclerosis

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9
Q

Describe 2 changes that occur in arteries as a result of plaque formation

A

The artery becomes thicker, harder and less elastic
The artery is then narrower and less able to stretch in response to blood flowing through it.
The amount of blood and therefore oxygen that is able to reach a tissue is reduced.

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10
Q

Give 2 risks associated with hypertension

A 
Ischaemic heart disease ( heart attack )
Cerebrovascular disease ( haemorrhage or strokes)
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11
Q

What is angina pectoris

A

Strangled chest, the result of reduces blood supply to the myocardium

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12
Q

What is myocardial infarction

A

A heart attack, if an artery ruptures, a blood clot can form which then causes the heart to effectively die because it is deprived of blood.

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13
Q

Give 5 lifestyle factors that could contribute to blood vessel disease.

A

Family history, a lack of exercise, stress, overweight and smoking

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14
Q

What is another name given to a stroke

A

Ischaemic stroke - most common caused by a thrombosis ( clot) or embolism ( a detached blood clot )

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15
Q

What is the term used to describe a reduction in blood flow or lack of blood

A

Ischaemia

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16
Q

What is blood pressure

A

Measure of the force that blood applies to the walls of the arteries as it flows through them

17
Q

What unit is blood pressure measured in

A

Millimetres of Mercury ( mmHg)

18
Q

What is cardiac output

A

The volume of blood pumped out by the heart in one minute ( ml/min)

19
Q

What is total peripheral resistance

A

The resistance the blood vessels offer to blood flow, the greater the resistance, the greater the blood pressure

20
Q

Describe systolic and diastolic blood pressure

A

SBP - the pressure exerted on the artery walls during the contraction phase of the heartbeat

DBP - the pressure exerted on the artery walls during the relation phase of the heartbeat

21
Q

What is the average blood pressure

A

120/80 mmHg

22
Q

What blood pressure reading would indicate stage 2 hypertension

A

160-179/100-109 mmHg

23
Q

What SBP and DBP readings would be a contraindication to exercise

A

Readings above. 180/110 mmHg

24
Q

What is considered to be a low blood pressure reading

A

Less than 100/60mmHg

25
Q

What is the Valsalva effect

A

A manoeuvre which involves holding the breath while straining - increases pressure in thoracic cavity and impedes venous return of blood to the heart. Causes rapid increase in blood pressure

26
Q

What short term effect does aerobic exercise have on SBP

A

A linear increase in SBP

27
Q

What short term effect does aerobic exercise have on DBP

A

DBP may decrease during exertion due to vasodilation or remain unchanged

28
Q

What short term effect does heavy resistance training have on DBP

A

Will significantly increase both DBP And SBP

29
Q

What is stroke volume

A

More blood pumped per beat

30
Q

Name 3 long term cardiovascular changes caused by regular aerobic training

A

A greater stroke volume
Improved aerobic capacity
Lower blood pressure in the long term

Circulatory System 3 (1 decks)

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