circulatory system Flashcards
What is the primary function of the heart?
Pumps the blood.
What do blood vessels do?
They allow blood to circulate to all parts of the body.
What is the main role of blood?
It transports oxygen, nutrients, cell wastes, and hormones to and from the cells.
What part of the heart has the largest surface area?
The apex.
What is the average size of the heart?
12 cm.
How much does the average heart weigh?
250-600g.
Where is the heart located?
In the mediastinum.
How is the heart oriented?
The apex is oriented to the left.
What is the fibrous pericardium?
It is the loosely fitting superficial part of the sac that helps protect the heart and anchors it to surrounding structures.
What does the fibrous pericardium anchor the heart to?
The diaphragm and sternum.
What is the parietal pericardium?
The outer covering layer of the pericardium.
What does the parietal pericardium line?
The interior of the fibrous pericardium.
Where does the parietal pericardium attach?
It is attached to the large arteries leaving the heart.
What does the visceral pericardium do?
It is the innermost layer of the pericardium and the outermost layer of the heart wall.
What is found in the pericardial cavity?
Serous fluid, which helps reduce friction.
What is the function of serous fluid?
It helps prevent friction as the heart beats.
Where are chordae tendineae found?
In the atrioventricular valves.
Which valves do not have chordae tendineae?
Pulmonary valve and aortic valve.
What is the endocardium?
The inner wall of the heart.
What is the myocardium?
The muscle wall of the heart.
What is the epicardium?
The outer wall of the heart.
What is the intraventricular septum?
The wall located between the right and left ventricles.
What is the interatrial septum?
The wall located between the right and left atriums.
What does the heart function as?
A double pump.
