Circulatory System

Question 1

What do arteries do

Answer 1

Carry high pressure blood away from the heart

Question 2

Describe artery walls

Answer 2

Thick, muscular, elastic

Question 3

Smallest and largest artery?

Answer 3

Smallest- arterioles
Largest- aorta

Question 4

What do veins do?

Answer 4

Carry blood TOWARD the heart
Have valves to prevent back flow

Question 5

Describe vein walls

Answer 5

Thin

Question 6

Smaller and largest veins?

Answer 6

Small- venules
Largest- vena cava

Question 7

What are capillaries

Answer 7

The site of gas exchange in the lungs and other body tissues
(bruises=ruptured capillaries)

Question 8

Describe the size of capillaries

Answer 8

One cell layer thick (very thin)

Question 9

What divides the right and left sides of the heart

Answer 9

Septum

Question 10

What does the right side of the heart do and what is this type of circulation called

Answer 10

Pumps deoxygenated blood to lungs and back; PULMONARY CIRCULATION

Question 11

What does the left side of the heart do and what is this type of circulation called?

Answer 11

Pumps oxygenated blood to the body organs and back; SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION

Question 12

What is CORONARY circulation

Answer 12

Provides heart with oxygen and nutrients, blockage of these vessels causes a heart attack

Question 13

Each side of the heart has two chambers. What are they called?

Answer 13

Atrium and ventricle

Question 14

What’s the atrium

Answer 14

The upper chamber that receives blood into the heart

Question 15

What do atrioventricular valves do

Answer 15

Prevent the flow of blood from ventricles back into the atria

Question 16

What’s a ventricle

Answer 16

Lower chamber that pumps blood out of the heart

Question 17

What do semilunar valves do

Answer 17

Prevent the flow of blood from arteries back into ventricles

Question 18

Describe the walls of the atria and ventricles

Answer 18

Atrium is thin walled
Ventricle is thick walled and muscular

Question 19

Explain the steps of a heart beat

Answer 19

1. Heart muscles relax, chambers fill with blood
2. The atria contract, AV valves open
3. The ventricles contract, semilunar valves open
4. Blood is pumped out of heart through body

Question 20

How does the heart beat

Answer 20

Due to electrical signals that coordinate the contraction of the chambers

Question 21

What’s diastole

Answer 21

Occurs when the ventricles of the heart are relaxed- fill up
BP low

Question 22

Systole

Answer 22

Occurs when the ventricles of the heart are contracted - push to empty
BP high

Question 23

What is tachycardia?

Answer 23

When the heart rate exceeds 100bpm due to exercise or drugs

Question 24

Formula for cardiac output?

Answer 24

SV x bpm
measures in L/min
SV: stroke volume

Question 25

What are the three components of blood and how much of the blood do they each make up?

Answer 25

RBC (erythrocytes): 45% WBC (leukocytes): 1% Plasma: 55%

Question 26

Describe plasma

Answer 26

Straw coloured 92% water Leaks out of burns and fills blisters Plasma protein plays roles in producing antibodies and carrying nutrients

Question 27

Describe RBC

Answer 27

Shaped like a hollow dome Large surface area for volume ratio No nucleus, cannot reproduce Carries oxygen and carbon dioxide Hemoglobin needs iron to function

Question 28

Describe WBC

Answer 28

Larger than RBCs Have a nucleus, can reproduce Primary function: immunity, fight infection

Question 29

What is the function of platelets

Answer 29

Produce blood clots to help seal a wound

Question 30

What’s an antibody

Answer 30

A protein found in the blood or other bodily fluids

Question 31

What’s an antigen

Answer 31

Triggers the production of antibodies that bind to the antigen

Question 32

Who are the universal recipients and who are the universal donor

Answer 32

Universal recipients: AB Universal donors: O

Question 33

What are the three lines of defence

Answer 33

1st: Physical/chemical barriers 2nd: Inflammatory response 3rd: Immune response

Question 34

Describe examples of the first lines of defence

Answer 34

Skin (protective barrier, acidic skin kills bacteria) Respiratory system (mucus and nose hairs trap microbes and debris, swept away from lungs through cilia) Chemical barriers (stomach acid, lysosome in tears)

Question 35

Describe the second line of defence

Answer 35

Inflammatory response Initiated through tissue damage Signals are released to attract leukocytes

Question 36

Where are T Cells produced and stored

Answer 36

Produced in bone marrow, stored in lymph tissue

Question 37

helper T cells

Answer 37

act as sentries to identify foreign invading substances

Question 38

killer T cells

Answer 38

puncture cell membranes of infected cells, thereby killing the cell

Question 39

Suppressor T cells

Answer 39

Regulatory Turn off the immune system

Question 40

Memory B cells

Answer 40

retain information about the shape of an antigen

Question 41

B cells

Answer 41

Multiply and produce antibodies