Circulatory System Flashcards
What are the three main components of blood
Blood, heart, blood vessels
What are the three blood vessels called
Arteries
Capillaries
Veins
What things does the circulatory system carry around the body
Oxygen- from lungs to every cell in the body
Carbon dioxide- from cells to lungs
Waste- from liver to kidney
Digested food- from small intestine to every cell in the body
Hormones- to communicate between cells in the body
What are the two types of circulation
Pulmonary - heart to lungs
Systemic circulatory-from heart to rest of the body(system)
Arteries
Arteries carry blood away from the heart.
Arteries have strong thick muscular walls to withstand the high pressure as blood is pumped through them to all parts of the body.
Veins
Veins carry blood back to the heart.
Veins do not have as thick walls as the blood pressure is much lower in them.
Veins have valves to help keep the blood flowing in one direction back to the heart
Capillaries
Capillaries allow substances to exchange at body cells e.g. food and oxygen.
Capillaries have very thin walls to allow these substances to leak through
What’s the heart dived by
The septum
What are the four main components of blood
Plasma
Platelets
Red blood cells
White blood cells
Red blood cells
are very small and have no nucleus.
• are biconcave in shape, giving a large surface area: volume ratio
• contain an iron pigment called haemoglobin which can pick up oxygen.
• When oxygen combines with haemoglobin it forms oxyhaemoglobin which is bright red
• Have a life span of around 120 days
White blood cells
• are slightly larger than red blood cells
• come in many different types
• are concerned with protecting the body
• they are able to detect bacteria and then destroy them before they harm the body
• produce antibodies. These protect us from infection. They work by making the bacteria cells stick together so that it is easier to kill them and some others release toxins which neutralize the poison released by the bacteria.
Platelets
• tiny cell fragments
carried around in the blood and usually do nothing
• if the blood is exposed to the air in a cut the platelets help to form a network of fibres at the cut, called a clot
• this prevents blood being lost from the cut and stops bacteria and dirt getting in
• the clot hardens to a scab. This keeps the wound clean while new skin grows.
Plasma
• the liquid portion of the blood
• Yellowish in colour
Makes up around 55% of blood volume
Is mainly water but…
• contains dissolved substances including:
• digested food (nutrients)
• Hormones
• Wastes like carbon dioxide
What percentage of the blood is plasma
55
What percentage of the blood is red blood cells
44
What percentage of the blood is platelets and white blood cells
1
What things can lead to heart disease
Smoking
Stress
Genetics
Lack of physical activity
Poor diet (too much salt and fat and sugar)
What do they use to monitor ur circulatory system
BMI
Heart rate
blood pressure
How do heart attacks and stokes occur
A heart attack occurs when there is a blockage in the coronary arteries leading to the heart muscle. A lack of glucose and oxygen reaching the muscle could result in death of the tissue.
What can a stroke affect
Speech and coordination
What’s a pulse
Blood leaving ur left ventricle is under very high pressure. As the blood flows through ur arteries, the high pressure causes the elastic walls of the arteries to stretch and recoil. This is what we feel as a pulse
Why does your heart rate speed up when excited or when exercising
The heart needs to pump more blood to the muscles ur exercising is using, it needs to do this for respiration in the muscles for them to create more energy
Function of all main blood components
Red blood cells= to transport oxygen to each body cell for respiration
White blood cells= to detect and destroy bacteria in the blood and also creates antibodies
Plasma= to transport nutrients, water, waste and hormones around the body
Platelets= clotting in the blood, creates scabs to protect and heal cuts stopping any bacteria entering
How can exercise reduce stress
Exercise releases feel good endorphins
What’s double circulation
blood goes from the right side of the heart, to the lungs and then returns to the left side of the heart before it is pumped to the rest of the body. It then returns to the right side of the heart.
This is called a double circulation because blood travels through the heart twice with each complete circuit of the body.
