circulatory system Flashcards
during systole the aortic valve
opens
after blood leaves the right ventricle, It goes to the
pulmonary trunk
after blood leaves the right atrium, where does it go to next
right ventricle
a bypass graft is for someone who
has a blockage on their coronary artery
a stroke can occur when a blood vessel in the brain
is broken or is blocked ( both)
where arteries and veins meet. site of nutrient exchange
capillaries
hold the heart valves in place
chordae tendineae
the peak is the
QRS complex
the peak represents what in the heart
ventricular systole
which aid blood back to the heart
skeletal muscles, precapillary shcniters, contraction of diagram
a heart mummur can be caused by
a valve not being fully closed
the superior and inferior vena cava both empty in the
right atrium
stenosis is when
the vessels are narrowed
the tricuspid and biscupid valves are named for
the number of flaps
a defillabrator is used to
shock the heart back into rhythm
pulmonary circulation is the flow of blood
between the heart and lungs
layer of the heart made mostly of muscle
myocardium
carry blood away from the heart
arteries
a myocardial infarction happens when
a coronary vessel is blocked
which is used to measure blood pressure
sphygometer
when taking blood pressure the first sound heart is
systole
normal blood pressure is around
120/80
blood flows ______ the atrium and ______ the ventricle
into: out
which correctly represents pulmonary circulation
right ventricle- pulmonary trunk-lungs- pulmonary veins- left atrium
how do you calculate cardiac output
heart rate * stroke volume
veins carry blood ____ the heart
toward
name the one vessel that is the exception
pulmonary artery
what do you call the loose outer layer of the sac around the heart
pericardium
what is the inner layer
visceral
what is the outer layer
partieral
when vessels expand its called
vasodilation
when vessels called when they contract
vasoconstriction
epicardium
outer layer
endocardim
inner layer lining the chambers of the heart
size of heart
size of a fist
myocardium
muscle layer of the heart
location of the heart
center of chest
What is the apex of the heart and where is it located?
point of the heart
What divides the left and right side of the heart?
septum
Which side is more muscular?
left side
What bone lies directly in front of the heart?
sternum
During systole, the aortic valve is
open
During diastole, the aortic valve is
closed
Veins and arteries meet at _______, where nutrients are exchanged with body tissues.
capillaries
Arteries branch into smaller vessels called
arterioles
Veins also have smaller branches called
venueles
What aids in bringing blood back to the heart?
diaphragm, movement of skeletal muscles, sphincters (valves)
What is the pacemaker?
SA node, regulates the pace of the heart
What fibers cause a contraction in the ventricle?
Perkinje Fibers
Where is the AV node located
between right atrium and ventricle of the heart
What do the terms tachycardia and bradycardia mean? What is arrhythmia? What is defibrillation?
tachycardia = rapid heart rate; bradycardia = slow heart rate; arrhythmia = irregular heart rate
Defibrillation = shock the heart back into rhythm
How are the valves attached to the wall of the heart (2 structures)?
Chordae tendineae and the papillary muscles
Generally speaking, when the ventricle contracts, the atrium
relaxes
Any contraction (atrial or ventricular) is called
systole
relaxing is called
disastole
What causes a P-Wave,
P-wave- depolarization of the atria
what causes a t wave
T wave- repolarization of the ventricles
what causes QRS complex
QRS- depolarization of the ventricles
What equipment is needed to take a person’s blood pressure?
stethoscope and sphygmomanometer
What are systolic pressure and diastolic pressure? What is the “normal” blood pressure for a human?
systolic is the high upper number, diastolic is the lower number. Normal pressure is 120/80
What is an ECG?
electrocardiogram
Blood that moves from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart again is in the ______ circuit.
pulmonary
Blood moving throughout the body is in the _______ circuit.
systemic
Identify the three major vessels that branch off of the aortic arch. You may want to draw a diagram.
brachiocephalic, left common carotid, left subclavian
