Circulatory System Flashcards
Make-up of Blood and Percentage of Constituents:
Blood is composed of plasma (55%) and formed elements (45%).
Formed elements include erythrocytes (red blood cells), leukocytes (white blood cells), and thrombocytes (platelets).
Make-up of a Red Blood Cell (Erythrocyte)
Biconcave disc shape.
No nucleus.
Packed with hemoglobin for oxygen transport.
Granular and Agranular Leucocytes
Granular: Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils.
Agranular: Lymphocytes, Monocytes.
Normal Percentage of Each Leucocyte
Neutrophils: 50-70%
Lymphocytes: 20-40%
Monocytes: 2-8%
Eosinophils: 1-4%
Basophils: 0.5-1%
Blood Typing and Donation Compatibility
A, B, AB, O blood types.
Rh factor: + or -.
Universal donor: O-.
Universal recipient: AB+
Function of Formed Elements
Erythrocytes: Oxygen transport.
Leukocytes: Immune response.
Thrombocytes: Blood clotting.
Comparison of Heart Valves
Tricuspid and mitral (bicuspid) in atrioventricular positions.
Pulmonary and aortic in semilunar positions.
Heart Structure and Function
Four chambers: Atria (receive) and ventricles (pump).
Valves prevent backflow.
Coronary arteries supply heart muscles.
Structures Delivering Blood to Right Atrium
Superior and inferior vena cava
ECG Waves
P-wave: Atrial depolarization.
QRS complex: Ventricular depolarization.
T-wave: Ventricular repolarization.
Electrical Conduction System
SA node, AV node, Bundle of His, Purkinje fibers.
Cardiac Output
Volume of blood pumped by the heart in one minute.
Fetal Heart Connection
Foramen ovale.
Major Coronary Vessels
Coronary arteries supply heart tissue.
Coronary veins return blood to the heart.
Tachycardia, Normal Sinus Rhythm, Bradycardia
Tachycardia: Fast heart rate.
Normal Sinus Rhythm: Healthy heart rate.
Bradycardia: Slow heart rate.
Artery and Vein Structure
Artery: Thick walls, elastic, carry blood away.
Vein: Thinner walls, carry blood to the heart.
Valves in Blood Vessels
Veins contain valves to prevent backflow.
Vasoconstriction and Vasodilation
Vasoconstriction: Constriction of blood vessels.
Vasodilation: Dilation of blood vessels.
Gas Exchange in Blood Vessels
Capillaries.
Pathway of Blood Flow Through the Heart
Right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary valve, pulmonary arteries, lungs, pulmonary veins, left atrium, bicuspid valve, left ventricle, aortic valve, aorta.
Major Blood Vessels
Aorta, superior/inferior vena cava, pulmonary arteries/veins.
Locations of Major Blood Vessels
Aorta leaves the heart; vena cavae enter the heart; pulmonary arteries carry blood to the lungs; pulmonary veins return oxygenated blood from the lungs.
