Circulatory System Flashcards
Blood, Vessels, CHD
What are the parts of the blood describe each
Plama carries blood
White blood cells fight infections carry antibodies
Platelets clot the blood t form scabs which stop infection
Red blood cells biconcave shape more surface area haemoglobin carries oxygen
What are the blood vessels describe them
Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart. Small lumens muscular and elastic walls carry blood at high pressures.
Veins carry deoxygenated blood towards the heart. Big lumens carry blood at low pressure. Have valves to prevent backflow
Capillaries are one cell thick and are used to carry nutrinets to various organs. Carry one blood cell at a time
WHat is the structure of the heart
Right atrium Left atrium
Rght ventricle left ventricle
With valves
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What is the direction of the flow of blood
Deoxygenated blood goes to vena cava then to right atrium then right ventricle then up to the pulmonary artery. The blood goes to the lung where it is oxygenated. The blood then goes from there to the pulmonary arteries. That blood flows to the left atrium then left ventricle. That blood goes to he aorta which goes to the body.
WHat is CHD
Coronary heart disease is when the coronary arteires are clogged due to the buildup of fat or plaque. This can stop the flow of oxygen going to the heart which will make it pump less.
What is arrythmia
This is the deteoriation of pacemaker cells which are found in the right atrium. They make the heart pump so people may need to get an artificial one.
WHat are some ways to help CHD get better
Stents and Statin
What are stents and statin
Stents are balloons place in the artery that widen it then the balloon is deflated and a metal mesh inside the artery.
Statins are pills that reduce the amount of cholestorol. WHich slows the rate of fatty deposits forming.
Get paper to write
What are the advantages and disadvantages of using statin and stents
Stents are effective over a long time and lower the risk of a heart attack. Recovery time is quick. Though the operation may cause infection and the stet can lead to blood clots
Statins reduce strokes heart attacks. They can increas good cholestorol. Though they have to be taken regularly and their are side effects like headaches. It takes time for the effects to kick in.
How to calculate the rate of blood flow
Volume of blood/number of minutes
How is the heart a double circulatory system
The right side of the heart carries deoyxgenated blood to the lungs.
The left side carries oxygenated blood to the body.
It allows for a lot of oxygenated blood to be transported quickly
How and what are alveoli specalised for
Gas exchange effeicient diffusion
An enormous surface area
Moist lining
Thin walls
Good blood supply
Explain gas exchange in gills
Water contaning oxygen enters mouth and passes through gills
Oxygen diffuses from water into gills
Carbon dioxide diffuses out of gills into water
Gill filaments make up the gill and increase surface area
They are covered in lamellae which increase surface area and have lots of blood capillaries to speed up diffusion
Blood flows in an opposite direction to the water so that there is a large concetration gradient.
