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circulatory system Flashcards

1
Q

3 main functions of circulatory system

A

transport, homeostatis, protection

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2
Q

transport

A

transport gases, nutrients, molecules, hormones, and waste materials

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3
Q

homeostatis

A

balance; regulates internal temperature and transport hormones

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4
Q

protection

A

protection against blood loss from injury, and protects against disease (white blood cells)

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5
Q

3 major components of closed circulatory system

A

blood vessels, heart, blood

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6
Q

blood vessels (3 types)

A

96000km
arteries, veins, capillaries

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7
Q

arteries

A

carry blood away from heart; usually oxygen rich

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8
Q

veins

A

carry blood to heart; usually oxygen poor

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9
Q

capillaries

A

tiny vessels where gases, nutrients, and wastes are exchanged
majority of blood vessels
connects arteries and veins

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10
Q

structure of artery

A

thick, muscular elastic walls that maintain blood pressures between pump cycles
tunica externa, tunica media, tunica intima

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11
Q

tunica externa

A

tough, outer connective tissue; protection

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12
Q

tunica media

A

thick layer of smooth muscle and elastin fibres (must support vessel/regulate blood flow and pressure)

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13
Q

tunica intima/endothelium

A

smooth (allows blood to flow through efficiently) endothelium forming the lining of the lumen (touches blood)

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14
Q

lumen

A

inside of tube (holds blood)

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15
Q

aneurysm

A

inner wall of artery buldges outward putting pressure on the outerwall
usually birth defect (genetic)
more likely to break (damage organ, everything beyond broken artery will not get the nutrients and shut down)

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16
Q

arterioles

A

small arteries that relax /contract when blood flow changes

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17
Q

vasoconstricted

A

nervous system causes arterioles to contract in times of emergency; increases blood pressure to certain parts of the body wile restricting it to others

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18
Q

vasodilation

A

nervous system causes arterioles to relax (blushing)

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19
Q

atheroscerosis

A

build up of fat in intima which causes lumen to be smaller in diameter

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20
Q

atheroscerosis treatment

A

bypass surgery or angioplasty

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21
Q

coronary occlusion

A

narrowing of the arteries that suppies nutrients and oxygen to the heart
associated wuth obesity and high blood sugar

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22
Q

LDL cholestrol

A

create fatty tissue called antheroma which binds to the intima endothelium of the coronary artery

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23
Q

coronary occulsion symptoms

A

angina, increased heart rate, blood clotting

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24
Q

vein structure

A

thinner walls
not muscular or elastic (can’t contract like arteries)
have valves
low pressure

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25
vein valves
one way valves to prevent blood from flowing backwards muscles contract and push blood forward past one way valve muscles relax and blood starts moving backward which closes the one way valve
26
william harvey
discovered: working valves in heart and veins heart contracts as a muscular pump left ventrical goes to body right ventrical goes to lungs blood flows in veins towards the heart
27
vericose veins
broken/malfunctioning of valves in veins pooling and back pressure of blood which causes damage to surrounding tissues and buldges
28
venules
small veins
29
capillary structure
one cellular layer thick, just wide enough for one single blood cell to fit through
30
bruise
capillaries get damaged so blood rushes into interstitial spaces
31
3 types of muscle
smooth, cardiac, skelatal
32
systolic pressure
maximum pressure during ventricular contractions
33
diastolic pressure
minimum pressure during ventricular relaxation
34
sphygmomonameter
measures blood pressure in millimeters of murcury (mmHG)
35
heart
double pump walls made up of cardiac muscle ensures blood only flows in one direction
36
atria
collect blood
37
ventricals
pump blood
38
septum
muscular wall that separates left and right sides of heart
39
vena cave
superior: collects blood from head, chest, and arms inferior: collects blood from central and lower body
40
pulmonary arteries
carry blood to lungs from right ventrical
41
pulmonary veins
carry blood to heart from lungs to left atrium
42
aorta
largest blood vessel in the body
43
tricuspid valve
three flaps that separates the right atrium from the right ventrical
44
bicuspid valve
two flaps that separeates the left atrium from the left ventrical
45
pulmonary valve
separates right ventrical and pulmonary artery
46
aortic valve
separates left ventrical and aorta
47
sinoatrial node (SA node)
myogenic muscle cells in wall of right atrium generates electrical signal to stimulate a heart beat responds to signal from medulla
48
atrioventricular node
ransmits impulses from atria to ventricles and coordinates their contraction delays electrical signal
49
bundle of His
runs down septum carry electrical signals from the AV node to the bundle branches
50
purkinje fibres
branched fibres that carry the electrical impulse to the ventricles
51
entrocardiogram (ECG)
measures changes in voltage from electrical signal
52
medulla
helps send electrical signal when SA nod forgets
53
heart rate
low blood pressure (increase) low pH levels (decrease) physical activity (increase)
54
epinephrine
hormone produces in adrenal glades that is released during physical activity and stimulates SA node
55
sympathetic node
increases heart rate stimulates release of adrenaline
56
parasympathetic node (from medulla)
decrease heart rate releases the hormone acetylcholine ex: vagus nerve
57
cardiovascular disorders
murmur, hole in hear, hypertension, aneurysm, arteriosclerosis, myocardial infarction
58
murmur
one or more of valves don't open/close properly
59
hole in heart
hole in septum
60
hypertension
causes high blood pressure weakens blood vessels
61
myocardial infarction
coronary occlusion blood clot
62
angioplasty
balloon opens up resticted arteries
63
bypass surgery
transplanted blood vessel is used to detour around the blockage
64
capillary network/bed
made up of true capillaries, vascular shunts, and sphinter muscles
65
true capillaries
place where exchanges take place
66
vascular shunt
connects arterioles and venules
67
sphinter muscles
contract (closes): bypass exchange capillaries

biology (1 decks)

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