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Grade 11 Biology - Animal Structures > Circulatory System > Flashcards

Circulatory System Flashcards

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1
Q

Blood Pathways

A
  1. Systemic Pathway: to/from body cells
  2. Pulmonary Pathway: to/from lungs
  3. Cardiac Pathway: to/from heart muscles
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2
Q

Functions

A

Transport, defense, repair, body temp regulation, maintaining water levels

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3
Q

Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes)

A

Specialized with hemoglobin (has iron) that carries oxygen (sometimes carbon dioxide); biconcave disk to increase surface area for gas exchange

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4
Q

White Blood Cells (leukocytes)

A

Defends against bacteria and viruses, increases when body is fighting infection

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5
Q

Platelets (thrombocytes)

A

Reacts with clotting factors to form temporary clots (thrombus) to prevent blood leakage

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6
Q

Plasma

A

Clear, yellowish fluid (55% of total blood volume, made up of 92% water) - carries blood components, salt, enzymes, water, clotting factors, and maintains fluid balance

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7
Q

Counting Blood Cells

A

Low RBCs - leads to anemia (from bleeding or iron-defiency) –> feels tired
High WBCs - body is fighting infections –> symptom is leukemia (cancer of bone marrow and blood)

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8
Q

Arteries

A

Carries oxy blood from heart to body cells (exception - pulmonary artery: carries deoxy blood from heart to lungs) –> disorder: aneurysm (rupture)

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9
Q

Artery Structure

A

Large, muscular, thick-walled with small inner diameter (three layers of tissue) and very elastic - contraction of heart = arteries slightly expand = your pulse

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10
Q

Veins

A

Carries deoxy to heart from body cells (exception - pulmonary vein: carries oxy blood from lungs to heart) - skeletal muscle contractions help move blood (against gravity)

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11
Q

Vein Structure

A

Large, thin-walled (middle layer isn’t as thick), less elastic, large inner diameter (lower pressure), with valves

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12
Q

Capillaries

A

Microscopic, one cell thick (inner diameter < 7 μm) that connect arteries and veins - low pressure, blood cells single file for gas exchange/nutrient-waste exchange

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13
Q

Vasoconstriction

A

Nerve impulses cause smooth muscle in arterioles to constrict - narrows vessel diameter (occurs when cold - keeping heat)

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14
Q

Vasodilation

A

Nerve impulses cause smooth muscle in arterioles to relax - increase vessel diameter (occurs when warm - loses heat to environment)

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15
Q

Systolic Pressure

A

Pressure in blood vessels when heart beats (contracts and empties blood)

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16
Q

Diastolic Pressure

A

Pressure in blood vessels when heart rests between beats (relaxes and fill with blood)

17
Q

Normal Blood Pressure

A

120 mm Hg / 80 mm Hg - measured in milliters of mercury

18
Q

Factors in Blood Pressure

A

Related to distance from heart (higher in arteries than veins - inner diameter)
1. Demand on heart for blood (e.g. higher during exercise)
2. Vasoconstriction –> more blood left in artery –> increased blood pressure

19
Q

Hypertension

A

High blood pressure

20
Q

Heart Node

A

Specialized type of tissue that acts as muscle and nervous tissue

21
Q

Heart Beat

A

Set by natural pacemaker - sinoatrial (SA) node located where vena cava enters right atrium. When nodal tissue contracts, sends nerve impulses through heart walls, triggers atrioventricular node to do same (helps power cardiac cycle)

22
Q

Heart Sounds

A

Sound of heart contracting and valves opening/closing produces “lubb-dubb”; abnormal heart sound (“whoosh”) = heart murmur

23
Q

Electrocardiogram Waves

A

P wave: atrial contraction
QRS wave: ventricular contraction
T wave: signals ventricles have recovered
Flat line: no heart contraction (no activity)

24
Q

The Heart

A

4-chambered double pump

25
Q

Right Side of the Heart

A

Receives deoxy blood from body via superior and inferior vena cava, pumps blood to lungs via pulmonary artery
(pumps blood to pulmonary circuit)

26
Q

Left Side of the Heart

A

Receives oxy blood from lungs via pulmonary vein, pumps blood to body via aorta
(pumps blood to the systemic circuit)

Grade 11 Biology - Animal Structures (6 decks)

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