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CIRCULATORY SYSTEM AND HISTORY OF LIFE Gr10 > Circulatory system > Flashcards

Circulatory system Flashcards

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1
Q

Explain open circulatory system?

A

blood pumped from heart through blood vessels to blood filled cavity called haemocoel. organs submerged in blood in haemocoel and gaseous diffusion occurs. blood flow back to heart openings called ostia through use of body muscles

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2
Q

Explain closed circulatory system?

A

heart pumps blood through arteries to tissue cells. gaseous diffusion occurs through capillaries and blood goes back through veins to heart by one way valves. deoxy blood is pumped to lungs with high pressure and becomes oxygenated and co2 is expelled.
high pressure= more effective
more oxygen= more activity

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3
Q

Function of Aorta?

A

transport o2 blood from left ventricle to all parts of body

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4
Q

Function of right atrium?

A

receive deoxy blood from vena cava lower and upper limbs
thin walls as blood pumped through atrio ventricular opening to right ventricle

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5
Q

Function of right ventricle?

A

receive deoxy blood from RA and thicker wall to pump blood through pulmonary artery to lungs

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6
Q

Function of left atrium?

A

receive oxy blood from lungs through pulmonary veins
thinner wall to pump blood through trio ventricular opening to left ventricle

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7
Q

Function of left ventricle?

A

receive o2 blood from left atrium and has thickest wall as pumps blood at high pressure through aorta to all parts of body

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8
Q

Function of pulmonary artery?

A

transport deoxy blood from right ventricle to lungs

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9
Q

Function of pulmonary veins?

A

transport 02 blood from lungs to left atrium

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10
Q

Function of septum?

A

separating wall in heart to prevent mix of 02 and deoxy blood

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11
Q

Function of coronary vein?

A

carry deoxy blood away from heart

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12
Q

Function of coronary artery?

A

supply cardiac muscle with 02 blood

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13
Q

Function of tricuspid valve?

A

found between RA and RV
has three flaps which are attached to inelastic chordae tendinea which are attached to walls of RV by protrusions called papillary muscles.
RA filled with blood and push flaps open, blood through trio ventricular opening to RV.
RV filled with blood and blood under chordae tendinea push flaps closed. papillary muscles contract which makes chordae tendinea tight and prevent from flapping into RA. valve closed and blood cannot flow back

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14
Q

Function of bicuspid valve?

A

found between LV and LA
function corresponds to tricuspid valve

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15
Q

Function of semilunar valves?

A

found at base of pulmonary artery and aorta.
inside blood vessel. semilunar membrane sacks with flaps away from ventricles. LV contracts and push flaps open. LV relax and blood flow back. sacks fill and push flaps together. valve close and blood cant flow back.

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16
Q

Heart layers?

A

pericardium
myocardium
endocardium

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17
Q

Where is heart found?

A

thoracic cavity, protected by ribs and sternum and held in place by blood vessels

18
Q

Function of heart?

A

pump blood through out body which provides 02 and nutrients to cell and takes CO2 and waste away from cells

19
Q

Explain mechanisms controlling heartbeat and rate?

A

blood high in CO2 leaves systemic circuit
chemoreceptors in carotid artery send impulse to medulla oblongata.
medulla oblongata send impulse to pace maker which is Sino atrial node which is group of specialized cells that determine heart rate according to body needs,
SA node sends impulse through atria to Atrio ventricular node in septum ( atria contract simultaneously).
Impulse sent down bundle of his to pukinje fibers in walls of ventricles and ventricles contract faster. blood sent to lungs and CO2 expelled- heart rate gets lower

20
Q

What is automatism?

A

ability to contract and relax without external stimuli. contracting origin in muscle cells

21
Q

explain lub- dub sounds?

A

lub is tricuspid and bicuspid valves closing
dub is softer and it is semilunar valves closing

22
Q

What happens and how long is atrial systole?

A

0,1 seconds- atria filled with blood and contract. blood push tricuspid and bicuspid valves open and blood goes to ventricles

23
Q

What happens and how long is ventricular systole?

A

0.3 seconds- ventricles filled with blood and contract. tricuspid and bicuspid valves close and semilunar valves open. oxy blood from LV go to aorta to body and deoxy blood from RV go to pulmonary artery to lungs

24
Q

What happens and how long is general diastole?

A

0.4 seconds- both atria and ventricles relax and deoxy blood fills RA from vena cava and O2 blood fills LA from lungs. semilunar valves close and cycle repeat

25
Q

Nerves that increase/ decrease heart rate?

A

sympathetic nerves increase
parasympathetic nerves decrease

26
Q

Hromones that increase heart rate?

A

adrenaline and thyroxine

27
Q

Artery structure, function and diagram?

A

Structure: thick outer fibrous connective tissue wall
thick muscle and elastic fiber layer
small lumen
no valves
Function: carry O2 blood away from heart
able to withstand high pressure of LV
Diagram:
thick outer wall
thick muscle layer
endothelium
small lumen

28
Q

capillary structure, function and diagram?

A

structure- single thin endothelium layer
function
connect arteries to veins and allow for gaseous diffusion in tissue cells
diagram:
endothelium
small lumen

29
Q

vein structure, function and diagram?

A

structure
thin outer connective tissue fibrous
thin muscle and fiber layer
large lumen
valves to prevent blood backflow
function
transport deoxy blood to heart
diagram
thin outer wall
thin muscle layer
endothelium
large lumen

30
Q

define blood pressure?

A

force exerted by blood on blood vessel walls

31
Q

factors maintaining blood pressure?

A

narrowness of arterioles
heart rate

32
Q

Systolic vs diastolic BP?

A

systolic: max blood pressure in aorta when LV contracts
90-129
+-120
Diastolic: min blood pressure in aorta when LV relaxes
69-89
+- 80

33
Q

what to measure bp with?

A

sphygomamonometer

34
Q

Explain pulmonary circuit?

A

deoxy blood from right ventricle goes through pulmonary artery to arterioles to lung capillaries. blood oxygenated and CO2 expelled. blood through venules to pulmonary vein to left atrium

35
Q

explain systematic circuit?

A

oxy blood from left ventricle to aorta to arterioles to capillaries in tissue cells. gas diffusion occurs and deoxy blood goes through venules to veins to vena cava to right atrium

36
Q

explain Coronary circuit?

A

coronary artery stemming from aorta forms crown around heart turn to arterioles and capillaries within cardiac muscle and supply cardiac muscle with oxygen and take out co2. deoxy blood through venules to coronary vein to vena cava to right atrium

37
Q

explain hepatic circuit?

A

small intestine/ stomach venule of deoxy blood form hepatic portal vein which goes to liver and venules and liver capillaries and gaseous diffusion and venules and hepatic vein to vena cava

38
Q

High blood pressure vs low blood pressure?

A

abnormally higher than 140/90
low for long period due to inherited or dehydration- can faint
100 or lower systolic

39
Q

What is a stroke and why occurs?

A

blood clot forms in brain capillaries and shortage of blood or bleeding into brain tissue leads to loss of brain function and symptom is paralysis.
due to age, smoke, hypertension, high cholesterol, diabetes

40
Q

explain heart attack?

A

high cholesterol fat deposits occur in coronary arteries. blood clot forms and breaks off creating blockage. 02 to blood is interrupted and cardiac muscle dies

41
Q

explain congenital cardiovascular defect?

A

child born with heart defect due to genes or virus/ drugs taken by mother during pregnancy

42
Q

Explain 5 treatments for heart diseases?

A

stents- expandable tube in coronary arteries to keep arteries open and prevent blockage
bypass surgery- vein from leg is taken and attached to coronary artery to bypass blockage
heart transplant- heart not functioning properly and replaced with healthy heart
valve replacement- surgeons replace not function valve in heart with synthetic valve
pacemaker- SA node not working correctly- surgeon install battery powered artificial pacemaker in chest

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM AND HISTORY OF LIFE Gr10 (2 decks)

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