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Biology > Circulatory System > Flashcards

Circulatory System Flashcards

1
Q

What are three components of the Circulatory System?

A
  1. Blood
  2. Blood vessels
  3. Heart (pumps the blood)
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2
Q

What are the two main functions of the circulatory system?

A

Transport of substances eg. Hormones, urea, absorbed food molecules eg. glucose, amino acids

Protection against disease

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3
Q

Name two blood vessels that carry blood to the liver.

A

Hepatic Portal Vein
and
Hepatic Artery

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4
Q

Give two advantages of veins having a large lumen.

A

Reduces friction
and
Aids movement of blood

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5
Q

What is the function of platelets?

A

Small cell fragments that clot the blood and form scabs

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6
Q

What do phagocytes do?

A

Engulf and digest micro organisms through phagocytosis

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7
Q

What do lymphocytes do?

A

Produce antibodies

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8
Q

What do white blood cells do?

A

Protect the body against disease

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9
Q

What are the adaptations of a red blood cell?

A
  1. No nucleus- more room to pack in hemoglobin
  2. Contain hemoglobin- rich in iron to carry oxygen
  3. Biconcave disc shape- large surface area for diffusion of oxygen
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10
Q

What do red blood cells do?

A

Carry oxygen to all the cells of the body

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11
Q

How does the blood travel in the capillaries?

A

Slowly under low pressure

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12
Q

What is the width of the walls of the capillaries?

A

Thin- one cell thick

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13
Q

What is the function of the capillaries?

A

Connect the veins and the arteries

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14
Q

What size of lumen do veins have?

A

Large

  • reduces friction
  • aids movement of blood
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15
Q

What are the width of the walls in the veins?

A

Thin walls and elastic fibres

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16
Q

Why do veins have valves?

A

Prevent backflow of blood as it flows under low pressure

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17
Q

What type of blood do the veins carry?

A

Deoxygenated

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18
Q

What direction do the veins carry blood?

A

Towards the heart

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19
Q

What size lumen do the arteries have?

A

Small

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20
Q

What type of blood do the arteries carry?

A

Oxygenated

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21
Q

What width are the walls of the arteries? Explain why.

A

Thick

-withstand the high pressure

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22
Q

Do arteries have valves?

A

No

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23
Q

What prevents cell lysis from occuring?

A

Salt and other chemicals in the plasma keep the concentration of the plasma stable, and similar to the concentration of a red blood cell.

24
Q

Why do red blood cells burst in water?

A

No cell wall to prevent them from swelling and bursting when placed in water or a more dilute solution

25
Q

What happens when red blood cells are placed in water?

A

They take in water by osmosis and burst. This is called cell lysis.

26
Q

What does plasma do?

A

Transport substances

eg. hormones, urea, carbon dioxide, absorbed food molecules (glucose and amino acids)

27
Q

Describe how platelets work.

A

Convert the protein fibrinogen to fibrin which forms a mesh that traps other blood components to form a scab.

28
Q

What does the vena cava do?

A

Returns deoxygenated blood to the heart

29
Q

What does the right ventricle do?

A

Pumps blood to the lungs

30
Q

What does the right atrium do?

A

Receives blood from the vena cava

31
Q

What does the left ventricle do?

A

Pumps blood around the body

32
Q

What does the left atrium do?

A

Receives blood from the lungs

33
Q

What is the coronary artery?

A

Very narrow artery that supplies the heart muscle with oxygen and glucose

34
Q

What does the aorta do?

A

Carries blood under high pressure away from the heart

35
Q

What is the difference between the heart rate of a fit person who exercises regularly and someone who does not?

A

> Fit person has a lower resting heart
Fit person’s heart rate rises slower
Maximum heart rate lower than unfit person
Shorter recovery time than unfit person

36
Q

What is recovery rate?

A

The time it takes for the heart rate/pulse rate to return to normal after exercise.

37
Q

Why does the body need extra oxygen after exercise?

A

Get rid of lactic acid

38
Q

Why does it take your body awhile to return to normal after exercise?

A

It has to clear waste products of exercise:
> carbon dioxide
> lactic acid

39
Q

How does regular exercise benefit the circulatory system?

A

> strengthens heart muscle

> increases cardiac output even when not exercising

40
Q

Why does the pulse rate increase during exercise?

A

The body needs more energy, so the heart pumps harder to get more blood to our muscles so that they get more oxygen for respiration

41
Q

Why are heart rate and pulse rate the same?

A

Each beat causes a new pulse

42
Q

What does pulse rate mean?

A

How often a pulse/surge of blood passes around the body

43
Q

What does heart rate mean?

A

How often the heart beats

44
Q

Which arteries supply the heart muscle with blood?

A

Coronary arteries

45
Q

Explain why the wall of the left ventricle is thicker than the wall of the right ventricle.

A

Left is thicker as a greater force is required to pump blood around the whole body whereas the right ventricle only requires to pump blood to the lungs.

46
Q

What is a double circulatory system?

A

Blood travels through the heart twice in one circulation of the body

47
Q

Where does the right side of the heart pump blood to?

A

Lungs

48
Q

Where does the left side of the heart pump blood to?

A

Body

49
Q

What seperates the left side of the heart from the right side?

A

Septum

50
Q

What are the bottom chambers of the heart called?

A

Left ventricle
and
Right ventricle

51
Q

What are the top chambers of the heart called?

A

Left atrium
and
Right atrium

52
Q

How many chambers is the heart divided into?

A

Four

53
Q

What special type of muscle are the walls of the heart made up of?

A

Cardiac muscle
or
Myacardium

54
Q

Where does oxygenated blood enter the lungs from?

A

Pulmonary vein

55
Q

What does the aorta do?

A

Carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the body

56
Q

Where does deoxygenated blood enter from the body?

A

Vena cava

57
Q

What does the pulmonary artery do?

A

Carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs

Biology (2 decks)

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