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Circulatory System Flashcards

(57 cards)

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1
Q

What are three components of the Circulatory System?

A
  1. Blood
  2. Blood vessels
  3. Heart (pumps the blood)
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2
Q

What are the two main functions of the circulatory system?

A

Transport of substances eg. Hormones, urea, absorbed food molecules eg. glucose, amino acids

Protection against disease

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3
Q

Name two blood vessels that carry blood to the liver.

A

Hepatic Portal Vein
and
Hepatic Artery

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4
Q

Give two advantages of veins having a large lumen.

A

Reduces friction
and
Aids movement of blood

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5
Q

What is the function of platelets?

A

Small cell fragments that clot the blood and form scabs

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6
Q

What do phagocytes do?

A

Engulf and digest micro organisms through phagocytosis

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7
Q

What do lymphocytes do?

A

Produce antibodies

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8
Q

What do white blood cells do?

A

Protect the body against disease

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9
Q

What are the adaptations of a red blood cell?

A
  1. No nucleus- more room to pack in hemoglobin
  2. Contain hemoglobin- rich in iron to carry oxygen
  3. Biconcave disc shape- large surface area for diffusion of oxygen
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10
Q

What do red blood cells do?

A

Carry oxygen to all the cells of the body

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11
Q

How does the blood travel in the capillaries?

A

Slowly under low pressure

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12
Q

What is the width of the walls of the capillaries?

A

Thin- one cell thick

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13
Q

What is the function of the capillaries?

A

Connect the veins and the arteries

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14
Q

What size of lumen do veins have?

A

Large

  • reduces friction
  • aids movement of blood
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15
Q

What are the width of the walls in the veins?

A

Thin walls and elastic fibres

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16
Q

Why do veins have valves?

A

Prevent backflow of blood as it flows under low pressure

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17
Q

What type of blood do the veins carry?

A

Deoxygenated

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18
Q

What direction do the veins carry blood?

A

Towards the heart

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19
Q

What size lumen do the arteries have?

A

Small

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20
Q

What type of blood do the arteries carry?

A

Oxygenated

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21
Q

What width are the walls of the arteries? Explain why.

A

Thick

-withstand the high pressure

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22
Q

Do arteries have valves?

A

No

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23
Q

What prevents cell lysis from occuring?

Study These Flashcards
A

Salt and other chemicals in the plasma keep the concentration of the plasma stable, and similar to the concentration of a red blood cell.

24
Q

Why do red blood cells burst in water?

Study These Flashcards
A

No cell wall to prevent them from swelling and bursting when placed in water or a more dilute solution

25
What happens when red blood cells are placed in water?
They take in water by osmosis and burst. This is called cell lysis.
26
What does plasma do?
Transport substances | eg. hormones, urea, carbon dioxide, absorbed food molecules (glucose and amino acids)
27
Describe how platelets work.
Convert the protein fibrinogen to fibrin which forms a mesh that traps other blood components to form a scab.
28
What does the vena cava do?
Returns deoxygenated blood to the heart
29
What does the right ventricle do?
Pumps blood to the lungs
30
What does the right atrium do?
Receives blood from the vena cava
31
What does the left ventricle do?
Pumps blood around the body
32
What does the left atrium do?
Receives blood from the lungs
33
What is the coronary artery?
Very narrow artery that supplies the heart muscle with oxygen and glucose
34
What does the aorta do?
Carries blood under high pressure away from the heart
35
What is the difference between the heart rate of a fit person who exercises regularly and someone who does not?
>Fit person has a lower resting heart >Fit person's heart rate rises slower >Maximum heart rate lower than unfit person >Shorter recovery time than unfit person
36
What is recovery rate?
The time it takes for the heart rate/pulse rate to return to normal after exercise.
37
Why does the body need extra oxygen after exercise?
Get rid of lactic acid
38
Why does it take your body awhile to return to normal after exercise?
It has to clear waste products of exercise: > carbon dioxide > lactic acid
39
How does regular exercise benefit the circulatory system?
> strengthens heart muscle > increases cardiac output even when not exercising
40
Why does the pulse rate increase during exercise?
The body needs more energy, so the heart pumps harder to get more blood to our muscles so that they get more oxygen for respiration
41
Why are heart rate and pulse rate the same?
Each beat causes a new pulse
42
What does pulse rate mean?
How often a pulse/surge of blood passes around the body
43
What does heart rate mean?
How often the heart beats
44
Which arteries supply the heart muscle with blood?
Coronary arteries
45
Explain why the wall of the left ventricle is thicker than the wall of the right ventricle.
Left is thicker as a greater force is required to pump blood around the whole body whereas the right ventricle only requires to pump blood to the lungs.
46
What is a double circulatory system?
Blood travels through the heart twice in one circulation of the body
47
Where does the right side of the heart pump blood to?
Lungs
48
Where does the left side of the heart pump blood to?
Body
49
What seperates the left side of the heart from the right side?
Septum
50
What are the bottom chambers of the heart called?
Left ventricle and Right ventricle
51
What are the top chambers of the heart called?
Left atrium and Right atrium
52
How many chambers is the heart divided into?
Four
53
What special type of muscle are the walls of the heart made up of?
Cardiac muscle or Myacardium
54
Where does oxygenated blood enter the lungs from?
Pulmonary vein
55
What does the aorta do?
Carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the body
56
Where does deoxygenated blood enter from the body?
Vena cava
57
What does the pulmonary artery do?
Carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs

Biology (2 decks)

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