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circulatory system Flashcards

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1
Q

functions of circulatory system

A
  1. transports gases, nutrient molecules, hormones and waste materials
  2. regulates internal temperature and transports hormones (homeostasis)
  3. protects against blood loss from injury and against disease
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2
Q

major components of circulatory system

A

heart, blood vessels, and blood

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3
Q

three main types of blood vessels

A

arteries, veins, and capillaries

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4
Q

arteries

A

carry blood away from the heart (usually oxygen rich), relaxes and contracts as blood surges from the heart

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5
Q

capillaries

A

tiny vessels where gases, nutrients, and wastes are exchanged as capillaries are permeable

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6
Q

veins

A

carry blood to the heart (usually oxygen poor)

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7
Q

structure of an artery

A

have thick, muscular, elastic walls that maintain blood pressure between pump cycles

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8
Q

externa

A

tough, outer connective tissue

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9
Q

media

A

thick layer of smooth muscle and elastin fibers

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10
Q

intima

A

smooth endothelium forming the lining of the lumen

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11
Q

aneurysm

A

inner wall of artery bulges outward putting pressure on outer wall (genetic)

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12
Q

arterioles

A

small arteries that relax and contract when flow changes

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13
Q

aneurysm

A

inner wall of artery bulges outward putting pressure on outer wall (genetic)

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14
Q

vasoconstriction

A

nervous system causes arterioles to contract in times of emergency which increases blood pressure to certain parts of the blood while restricting it to others

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15
Q

vasodilation

A

nervous system causes arterioles to relax (blushing)

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16
Q

atherosclerosis

A

fat droplets block flow of blood and can lead to heart disease

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17
Q

treatment of atherosclerosis

A

bypass surgery or angioplasty

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18
Q

veins

A

thinner walls with a larger inner circumference, not muscular or elastic, cannot contract like arteries but can dilate to become very wide

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19
Q

veins have one way valves

A

needed to prevent blood from flowing backwards (no pressure)

20
Q

blood is moved through veins by

A

contraction and relaxation of skeletal muscles around vein

21
Q

stretching

A

increases blood flow which has a massaging effect

22
Q

vericose veins

A

pooling and back pressure of blood causes damage to surrounding tissues. valves misfunction and venules burst because of age obesity, poor nutrition and posture

23
Q

capillaries are tiny

A

only one cell thick and wide enough for a single blood cell to fit it through

24
Q

bruise

A

capillaries get damaged and blood/plasma rushes into interstitial spaces

25
Q

capillaries nutrients

A

oxygen, monosaccharides, amino acids, fatty acids, and hormones

26
Q

functions of the heart

A
  1. pumps blood to lungs (pulmonary circulation) and to body (systemic circulation)
  2. keeping oxygen rich and oxygen poor blood separated
  3. ensuring blood only flows in one direction
27
Q

waste products

A

CO2, Urea, Ammonia

28
Q

the heart walls

A

made of cardiac muscle

29
Q

the heart has valves so

A

blood only flows one way

30
Q

contractions of heart

A

rhythmic and involuntary

31
Q

the heart has four chambers

A 
2 atria (top) - collectors that are filled with blood returning to heart
2 ventricles (bottom) - pumps that send blood back out of heart
32
Q

the heart needs

A

its own supply of O2 and nutrients

33
Q

the coronary artery

A

supplies the heart with O2 and nutrients. This small artery, if blocked by fats, leads to heart disease

34
Q

atria

A

chambers that fill with blood returning to the heart either from the lungs (left) or from the body (right)

35
Q

ventricles

A

chambers that receive blood from the atria and pump it either to the lungs (right ventricle) or the body (left ventricle)

36
Q

septum

A

muscular wall that separates the left and right sides of the heart

37
Q

superior vena cava

A

collects deoxygenated blood from the head, chest, and arms

38
Q

inferior vena cava

A

collects deoxygenated blood from central and lower body

39
Q

vena cava

A

combine and dump blood into the right atrium

40
Q

pulmonary arteries

A

the blood vessels that carry the blood form the right ventricles to the lungs

41
Q

pulmonary veins

A

blood vessels that carry blood back from the lungs to the left atrium

42
Q

aorta

A

the largest blood vessels in the body that leaves the left ventricle carrying oxygenated blood to the body

43
Q

tricuspid valve

A

the atrioventricular valve that has three flaps and separates the right atrium from the right ventricle

44
Q

bicuspid valve

A

the atrioventricular valve that has two flaps and separates the left atrium from the left ventricle

45
Q

semilunar valves

A

half-mooned in shape, these valves are found both in the pulmonary trunk and the aorta

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