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Systems Of The Body > Circulatory System 1 > Flashcards

Circulatory System 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Is blood a connective tissue?

A

Yes

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2
Q

What is blood composed of?

A

55% plasma and 45% of cells suspended within.

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3
Q

What does blood provide communication with?

A

Blood provides one of the means of communication between the cells of different parts of the body.

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4
Q

What is the function of blood?

A

It transports:

  • Oxygen, carbon dioxide Oxygen, carbon dioxide
  • Nutrients Nutrients
  • Excretory products Excretory products
  • Hormones (Endocrines) Hormones (Endocrines)
  • Heat Heat
  • Antibodies Antibodies
  • Clotting factors
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5
Q

What is the composition of plasma?

A

90% water
10% dissolved substances

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6
Q

What are the dissolved substances that make up 10% of plasma?

A
  • plasma proteins
  • transported substances
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7
Q

What are the plasma proteins?

A
  • albumin
  • globulins
  • fibrinogen
  • prothrombin
  • serum
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8
Q

What is albumin?

A
  • formed in liver
  • helps maintain viscosity of blood = ensures bloods not too thin and moving through vessels too quickly = maintaining blood pressure
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9
Q

What is globulins?

A
  • formed in liver or lymphoid tissue
  • produced during immune response
  • transports hormones and minerals
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10
Q

What is fibrinogen?

A
  • produced in liver - necessary for Haemostasis
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11
Q

What is prothrombin?

A
  • essential substance in blood coagulation.
  • vitamin k essential for its formation.
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12
Q

What is serum?

A
  • its a plasma which clotting factors have been removed
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13
Q

What are the transported substances?

A
  • enzymes
  • hormones
  • nutrients
  • organic waste products
  • dissolved gases
  • dissolved inorganic salts
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14
Q

What are enzymes?

A
  • chemical substances which can produce or speed up changes in other substances.
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15
Q

What are hormones?

A
  • chemical substances from endocrine glands.
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16
Q

What are nutrients?

A
  • amino acids
  • glucose
  • fatty acids
  • glycerol
  • vitamins
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17
Q

What are organic waste products?

A
  • principally urea and uric acid
18
Q

what are dissolved gases?

A
  • carbon dioxide
  • oxygen
  • nitrogen
19
Q

What are dissolved inorganic salts?

A

Mainly
- sodium
- potassium
- calcium
- chloride
- bicarbonate

(Responsible for maintaining blood pH-7.4)

20
Q

What are the 3 blood cells?

A
  • erythrocytes
  • leucocytes
  • thrombocytes
21
Q

Where are erythrocytes formed?

A

They are formed in the red bone marrow

22
Q

Why are erythrocytes corpuscles?

A

They are corpuscles because they have no nucleus.

23
Q

Why are erythrocytes biconcave discs?

A
  • biconcavity increases their surface area for gas exchange.
  • the thinness of the central portion allows fast entry and exit of gases.
24
Q

What is erythrocytes main function?

A
  • gas transport, mainly of oxygen
25
Q

How many erythrocytes are there per cubic millilitre of blood?

A

5 million per cubic millilitre of blood

26
Q

Erythrocytes tend to clump together in groups - what is this called?

A

Rouleaux formation

27
Q

What is erythrocytes life span?

A

120 days

28
Q

What is development of erythrocytes known as?

A

Erythropoesis

29
Q

What is necessary for erythrocyte maturation?

A

Vitamin B12

30
Q

Where are erythrocytes ultimately destroyed?

A

In the spleen - haemolysis is carried out by phagocytic cells.

31
Q

True or false erythrocytes contain haemoglobin?

A

True

  • its an iron containing protein, involved with oxygen transportation around the body.
  • iron released from haemolysis is retained and reused to form more haemoglobin.
32
Q

What are erythrocyte disorders?

A

Anaemia

33
Q

What are the types of anaemia from erythrocyte disorders?

A
  • iron deficiency anaemia
  • vitamin B12 deficiency anaemia
  • sickle cell anaemia
34
Q

Talk about thrombocytes

A
  • not a true cell
  • fragments of larger bone marrow cells
  • important in blood clotting
35
Q

Do thrombocytes have a nucleus?

A

No

36
Q

How many thrombocytes are ther per cubic millilitre of blood?

A
  • approx 250,000 per cubic millilitre of blood
37
Q

What is the life span of thrombocytes?

A

8-10 days

38
Q

What happens to thrombocytes not used in haemostasis?

A

They are destroyed in the spleen

39
Q

What is the control of thrombocyte production?

A
  • It is unclear
  • thought to increase if there is a decrease in circulating thrombocyte count though
40
Q

What are thrombocyte disorders?

A

Thrombocytopenia
- reduced platelet production

Congenital disorders
- haemophilia
- Von Willebrand’s disease

Systems Of The Body (2 decks)

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