circulatory/cardiovascular system

Question 1

best food for an individual with anemia

Answer 1

calf liver-rich in iron and B vitamins

Question 2

two forms of dietary iron

Answer 2

heme and non-heme

Question 3

heme iron

Answer 3

found only in animal foods and is bound to oxygen-binding proteins hemoglobin and myoglobin

most efficiently absorbed form of iron

Question 4

what is the most efficiently absorbed form of iron?

Answer 4

heme iron

Question 5

non-heme iron

Answer 5

found in plant food and ferrous fumarate

Question 6

non-heme absorption rate

Answer 6

2.9% on empty stomach, 0.9% with food

Question 7

heme iron absorption rate

Answer 7

high as 35%

Question 8

foods high in iron

Answer 8

calf or lamb liver, beef or chicken liver, beef, cooked beans, prices, bread, chicken/turkey, cooked greens, peas, eggs

Question 9

foods that inhibit iron absorption

Answer 9

tea, coffee, wheat bran, egg yolk

Question 10

most common cause of anemia

Answer 10

iron deficiency

Question 11

anemia caused by deficient red blood cell production is almost always due to…

Answer 11

nutrient deficiency

Question 12

three most common forms of nutrient deficiency in anemia

Answer 12

iron, B12, folic acid

Question 13

high BP lifestyle factors

Answer 13

smoking, stress, lack of exercise

Question 14

most important dietary factors in high BP

Answer 14

excessive calorie intake, high sodium to potassium ratio, low-fiber/high-sugar diet, high consumption of saturated fat and low essential fatty acids, diet low in calcium, Mg, or vitamin c, excessive alcohol or caffeine intake

Question 15

most important dietary goal for patients with high bp is…

Answer 15

achieving normal bodyweight

Question 16

second most important dietary goal for patients with high bp is

Answer 16

increase proportion of plant foods in diet

Question 17

vegetarian diet and high bp

Answer 17

same salt intake between vegetarians and non, but vegetarians diet usually has more potassium, complex carbs, and less saturated fats and refined carbs

Question 18

most useful foods for people with high bp

Answer 18

celery, garlic/onions, nuts/seeds/oils, cold-water fish, green leafy vegetables, whole grains/legumes, foods rich in vitamin C, foods rich in flavonoids

Question 19

coQ10 deficiency has been shown to be present in …

Answer 19

39% of patients with high BP, supplementation can lower bp

Question 20

does fish oil/flax seed oil help with lowering bp?

Answer 20

yes

Question 21

herbs that help with bp

Answer 21

hawthorn, olive leaf, hibiscus

Question 22

high cholesterol

Answer 22

elevations in cholesterol and/or triglycerides above accepted levels

Question 23

does high cholesterol and triglycerides increase risk of death due to cardiovascular disease?

Answer 23

yes

Question 24

total blood cholesterol level recommendation

Answer 24

less than 200 mg/dl

Question 25

recommended triglycerides level

Answer 25

lower than 130mg/dl

Question 26

LDL recommended level

Answer 26

less than 130mg/dl

Question 27

HDL recommended level

Answer 27

greater than 40mg/dl for men, 50mg/dl for women

Question 28

most important approach to lowering high cholesterol is

Answer 28

a healthful diet and lifestyle

Question 29

do fish oils significantly lower cholesterol?

Answer 29

no but they do have exceptional triglyceride lowering action

Question 30

niacin and cholesterol

Answer 30

been shown to lower cholesterol and reduce overall early mortality

better overall results in reducing risk for coronary heart disease compared with cholesterol-lowering drugs

Question 31

garlic and cholesterol

Answer 31

positive effect provided dosage of allicin is sufficient

Question 32

pantethine and cholesterol

Answer 32

improves cholesterol and triglyceride levels and normalizes platelet lipid composition and function and blood viscosity

Question 33

what are varicose veins

Answer 33

dilated, twisted veins in the legs

Question 34

symptoms of varicose veins

Answer 34

could be nothing or fatigue, aching discomfort, feeling of heaviness, pain

Question 35

causes of varicose veins

Answer 35

genetic or functional weakness of veins or venous valves, low fiber which induces strain during defecation, long periods of standing/heavy lifting, damage to veins

Question 36

diet for varicose veins

Answer 36

vegetables, fruits, legumes, grains promote peristalsis, less straining during defecation

garlic, onions, ginger, cayenne, blackberries, cherries, blueberries also good

Question 37

veins can be strengthened with flavonoid extracts like

Answer 37

hawthorn berries, cherries, blueberries, etc- rich sources of proanthocyanidins and anthocyanidins

Question 38

hypoglycemia

Answer 38

low blood sugar (glucose)

complex set of symptoms caused by faulty carbohydrate metabolism, almost always induced by a diet too high in refined sugars

Question 39

what level is hypoglycemia?

Answer 39

blood glucose level at or below 40 to 50 mg/dl

Question 40

what is the most useful way to diagnose hypoglycemia?

Answer 40

assessment of symptoms