Circulation & Respiration I Flashcards
The cardiovascular system consists of:
Heart, Blood Vessels, and Blood
what divides left and right halves of the heart?
septum
What occurs in the heart?
pressure is generated that drives the circulation
What are the blood vessels in the heart?
Arteries, Veins, and capillaries
What does the artery do?
carries blood away from the heart
What does the vein do?
carry blood towards the heart
What do the capillaries do?
allow for the exchange of substances from the blood and the other cells of the body
What does the blood contain?
cells and plasma
What are the 2 materials entering the body in the transport in the cardiovascular system chart?
-Oxygen and nutrients and water.
-Oxygen from the lungs to all cells
-Nutrients and water moved from the intestinal tract to all cells
The materials that are moved from cell to cell include what from the chart?
waste & immune cells, antibodies, clotting proteins & hormones & stored nutrients
What is the flow of waste from the chart?
the substance waste transported to transported to the liver for processing processed for excretion of the body from some cells
What is the flow of immune cells, antibodies, and clotting proteins in the chart?
transported to any available cells that need them from being continuously in the blood.
What is the flow of hormones in the chart?
Transported target cells from the endocrine cells
What is the flow of stored nutrients in the chart?
Transported to all cells from the liver and adipose tissue
The materials leaving the body in the chart?
Metabolic waste, heat, and CO2
The flow of metabolic waste leaving the body in the chart?
Transported to the kidneys from all cells
The flow of heat leaving the body in the chart?
Transported to the skin from all cells
The flow of CO2 leaving the body in the chart?
Transported to the lungs from all cells
What is the pulmonary circuit?
(pumped by the R side) allows gas exchange at the lungs
Systemic Circuit
(pumped by the L side) distributes the oxygenated blood throughout the body
What are the 4 chambers of the heart?
Right Atrium, right ventricle, left ventricle, left atrium
What is the blood flow in the 4 chambers?
Blood enters into the atria, leaves from the ventricles, even though both sides contract simultaneously there is no mixing of the blood!
Systole:
contraction
Cardiac Cycle
refers to the pattern of contraction and relaxation in different areas of the heart
Diastole:
relaxation
How can valves be replaced?
surgically with cadaver or artificial valves
“Heart Murmurs”
causes by noisy valves; may be no big deal (usually) or indicative of a serious problem
The Sinoatrial (SA) node
sets the pace of the heartbeat at ~70 bpm
Atrioventricular (AV) Node
-routes the direction of electrical signals so the heart contracts from the apex (bottom) to the base (top)
-slows down the electrical signal so stria fully contract before ventricles
What is the AV also do in the heart?
can act as a pacemaker (50 bpm) if the SA node fails (known as junctional rhythm)
Arrhythmias
problems with the heart rhythm
Arrhythmias can be___?
Afib or Vfib
what is fibrillation?
rapid and irregular contraction of the heart muscle
Explain AFib?
can cause dizziness, fainting
Explain VFib?
life-threatening emergency; can sometimes be corrected by shocking w/ a defibrillator
what is heart block?
caused by disruption of electrical signals through the AV node; atria will follow the pattern set by the SA node but ventricles will set their own rhythm
What is tachycardia?
overly rapid HR
What is bradycardia?
too slow HR (may result from junctional rhythm)
sometimes arrhythmias can be treated with what?
an artificial pacemaker, which may contain an internal defibrillator
What can be transported to the cardiovascular system?
gases, antibodies, hormones, nutrients
What tissues are considered part of the cardiovascular system?
Blood, the heart, arteries, and vein
The _______ ventricle pumps blood to the systemic circuit, which sends blood to the ______.
Left, rest of the body
What event OPENS the semilunar valve?
Ventricular systole
The event that CLOSES the AV valve is what?
Ventricular systole
The main pacemaker area of the heart is the:
SA node
What would happen if the electrical signals radiated out from the AV node rather than being routed to the apex of the heart?
The ventricles would start squeezing from the top to the bottom
What would happen if the AV node failed to delay the transmission of signals from the SA node?
The atria & ventricles would contract at the same time
