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CVP Physiology > Circulation Part 1 > Flashcards

Circulation Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main function of systemic circulation?

A

deliver O2 and remove CO2 and wastes

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2
Q

What part of circulation is designed to carry blood under high pressure out to the tissue beds?

A

systemic arteries

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3
Q

What parts of circulation act as control valves to regulate blood flow?

A

arterioles and pre capillary sphincters

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4
Q

How thick are capillaries?

A

1 cell layer thick

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5
Q

Where does exchange occur between tissue and blood?

A

capillaries

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6
Q

What do venules do?

A

collect blood from capillaries

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7
Q

What structures return blood to heart/dynamic storage?

A

systemic veins

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8
Q

T/F: blood flow is proportional to metabolic demand.

A

True

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9
Q

T/F; cardiac output is controlled by local tissue flow.

A

true

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10
Q

T/F: Arterial pressure control is dependent on local flow or cardiac output.

A

False; arterial pressure is independent of local flow or cardiac output.

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11
Q

how many layers of endothelium exist in blood vessels?

A

1

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12
Q

What are the components of blood vessels?

A

endothelium, elastic tissue, smooth muscle, and fibrous tissue

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13
Q

What vessel is composed moreso of smooth muscle, aorta or typical arteries?

A

typical arteries

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14
Q

What vessel is composed more so of elastic tissue, aorta or typical arteries?

A

aorta

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15
Q

What vesel is composed more so of fibrous tissue, aorta or typical arteries?

A

aorta, but its still more elastic tissue than fibrous.

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16
Q

T/F: veins are pretty much equally composed of elastic fibers, smooth muscle, and fibrous tissue.

A

True

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17
Q

What are capillaries composed of?

A

only endothelium

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18
Q

What is Ohm’s Law?

A

-V=IR (analogous to deltaP=FR)

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19
Q

Flow, Pressure gradient, resistance and Ohm’s Law are all components of what?

A

Hemodynamics

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20
Q

What is the term for the volume of blood that passes a certain point per unit time (eg. ml/min)?

A

Flow (F)

21
Q

T/F: At a given flow, the velocity is inversely proportional to the total cross sectional area.

A

True F=velocityX

22
Q

T/F: Flow is inversely proportional to the change in Pressure and directly proportional to resistance.

A

False; vice-versa: F=deltaP/R

23
Q

The driving force of blood and the difference in pressure between two points, are both ways to define what?

A

Pressure gradient

24
Q

T/F: Pressure gradient is proportional to flow.

A

True

25
Q

What happens to resistance of flow when the pressure drops?

A

the resistance increases equally

26
Q

What kind of circuit is systemic circulation (predominately)?

A

parallel circuit

27
Q

What is usually solved for indirectly by measuring flow and deltaP?

A

Resistance

28
Q

What is TPR?

A

Total peripheral resistance

29
Q

What are the 3 advantages of systemic circulation being predominately parallel circuitry?

A

Independence of local flow control, minimizes TPR, and O2 rich blood supply to every tissue

30
Q

What is the term for internal friction of a fluid associated with the intermolecular attraction?

A

viscosity

31
Q

What is the viscosity of blood?

A

3

32
Q

Viscosity of plasma?

A

1.5

33
Q

Viscosity of water?

A

1

34
Q

What is mostly responsible for the viscosity of blood?>

A

RBCs

35
Q

what happens to blood viscosity when velocity is decreased?

A

increases

36
Q

T/F:Fibrinogen decreases flexibility of RBCs.

A

False, actually increases flexibility

37
Q

Cells can get stuck at constriction points momentarily. What does this do to the apparent viscosity?

A

increases

38
Q

What is Hematocrit?

A

% of packed cell volume (primarily RBCs)

39
Q

What is the normal range of hematocrit?

A

38-45%

40
Q

Streamline, silent, most efficient, and normal all describe what kind of flow?

A

Laminar

41
Q

Cross mixing, vibrational noise, least effective, and frequently associated with vessel disease (bruit) all describe what kind of flow?

A

Turbulent

42
Q

What does Reynold’s number tell us?

A

the probability for turbulent flow (the great the R# the great the probability for turbulence)

43
Q

velocitytube diameterdensity/viscosity=?

A

Reynolds numbers

R# = vDp/n

44
Q

If R# is less than 2000 what kind of flow is it typically?

A

laminar

45
Q

If R# is greater than 3000 what kind of flow is it typically

A

turbulent

46
Q

T/F: Ultrasound is commonly used to determine velocity of flow.

A

true

47
Q

During Doppler Ultrasound, if RBCs are moving toward the transmitter and therefore compressing sound waves, what is happening to the frequency of returning waves?

A

increase (Doppler frequency shift)

48
Q

What kind of flow is a Broad band (ultrasound) associated with?

A

turbulent flow

49
Q

What kind of flow is a narrow band associated with?

A

laminar flow

CVP Physiology (3 decks)

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