Circulation of Fluid Between Plasma. Interstitium, and Lymph

Question 1

extracellular fluid

Answer 1

33% of body fluids;

Question 2

osmotic pressure.

Answer 2

synonyms for the osmotic pressure of plasma proteins; major importance because plasma COP is the sole force retaining water within the plasma compartment

Question 3

glycocalyx network

Answer 3

small porous system that allows water and electrolytes to pass through the capillary membrane

Question 4

True/False - Lymph has its own blood pressure system

Answer 4

False

Question 5

True/False - Edema is an excess of interstitial fluid

Answer 5

True

Question 6

True/False - In an acutely edematous limb, approximately 98% of the excess fluid is in the subcutis stretching the overlaying skin

Answer 6

True

Question 7

Name THREE main functions of lymph

Answer 7

(double check)

1) Nutritional
2) Fluid regulation
3) defense

Question 8

Compliance of tissue interstitium is defined by what TWO components

Answer 8

1) Change in volume

2) Change in interstitial pressure

Question 9

What structure has the lowest compliance?

Answer 9

The brain

Question 10

True/False - When injected into tissue, serum is readily absorbed into the blood stream.

Answer 10

False

Question 11

True/False - Osmotic pressure is a pushing force.

Answer 11

False

Question 12

The combination of water and electrolytes is an ultrafiltrate called what?

Answer 12

Interstitial fluid

Question 13

What pressure mentioned in the principle of fluid exchange tends to suck fluid into the capillary?

Answer 13

Osmotic pressure

Question 14

compliance

Answer 14

defined by the change in volume divided by the change in pressure.

Question 15

Pitting edema test

Answer 15

0 mm = no edema
1 = mild 2mm
2 = moderate 4 mm
3 = moderately severe 6 mm
4 = severe 8 mm

Question 16

human interstitial compartment contains how much fluid as a reservoir for plasma

Answer 16

10 - 12 liters

Question 17

edematous tissue

Answer 17

excessive fluid is added to interstitium, dilution of glycosaminoglycan reduces swelling pressure to zero and eliminates normal compliance.

Question 18

Most excess fluid in edematous limbs is in what layer

Answer 18

the subcutis layer (98% of the excess fluid)

Question 19

Why does pitting edema occur

Answer 19

interstitial conductivity is high and fluid is rapidly displaced by the applied pressure

Question 20

Formation and flow of Lymph

Answer 20

interstitial fluid –> lymph capillaries –> lymph vessels –> lymph trunks –> lymph ducts –> subclavian veins

Question 21

The lymphatic system has THREE main functions

Answer 21

1) preservation of fluid balance
2) nutritional function
3) defense function

Question 22

The lymph node is a mass of ___ and ____

Answer 22

lymphocytes and phagocytic cells

Question 23

The ultimate lymphatic trunk is called the ______ and carries 3/4 of the total efferent lymph that drains into the ______

Answer 23

thoracic duct; subclavian vein

Question 24

True/False - the brain has no lymphatic system, but has a specialized fluid drainage.

Answer 24

True

Question 25

TWO physiological events that cause increase capillary filtration rates to where plasma volume falls and causes swelling

Answer 25

1) orthostasis (upright posture)

2) physical exercise

Question 26

Causes of edema:

Answer 26

1) capillary filtrate rate exceeds lymph drainage
2) capillary pressure is elevated (cardiac failure, over-transfused, deep vein thrombosis)
3) reduced plasma COP
4) malnutrition
5) hepatic failure