Circulation - Blood Vessels Flashcards
what are the main blood groups?
A,B, AB, O
what is aglutination?
the visible aggregation/clumping of an antigen when it binds to specific antibodies
what is haemagglutination assay(HA) ?
the agglutination of red blood cells when bound by an antibody specific for one or more of th ABO blood type antigens.
why is O type blood the international donor?
it has no antigens which means it will not cause agglutination.
why is AB the universal reciever
It has both A and B antigens so it has nit produced antibodies for either which means agglutination will not occur.
what is the function of arteries?
they carry blood away from the heart
what is the function of cappilaries?
carry blood through the tissue
function of veins?
carry blood to the heart.
process of the blood through the heart and lungs?
oxygenated blood leaves the lungs through the capillaries into the arteries and through the heart.
the goes into the capillaries in tissue where oxygen is absorbed.
the de-oxygenated blood leaves through the capillaries into the veins and back to the heart and lungs.
arteries have three categories.
elastic arteries- under greates pressure (aorta)
muscular arteries- constrict and dilate due NvS
arterioles- determine blood flow to capillaries
NvS=nervous system
what is arteriosclerosis?
the narrowing of the lumen (canal of artery) caused plaques which cause the blood to flow sluggishly as it narrows.
what is systolic blood pressure?
the pressure of blood against the arterial walls during ventricular contraction.
why is the lumen or wall of a artery thicker than a veins wall or lumen?
It is thicker to withstand more pressure
how does blood return to the heart against gravity?
the skeletal pump cause by muscles squeezing the blood propelling the blood up which is then prevented from flowing back by the vein valves.
breathing also helps as it causes negative thoracic pressure.
3 catergories of capillaries
continuous= tight junctions and limited found in the brain. fenestrated= more permeable and found in endocrine system. sinusoids= leaky to allow large molecules through found in spleen and liver.
