Circulation And Respiration Flashcards
How many types of blood cells are there and what are they?
3 types:
Red blood cells (containing haemoglobin to carry oxygen)
White blood cells (main function is defence against disease)
Platelets (the smallest blood cells, assist the blood clotting process)
Where is blood formed?
Blood and it’s Haemoglobin are formed in the Bone Marrow. (Average red blood lifespan is 108 days)
How is oxygen carried by the red blood cells?
Oxygen from the lungs combine with the haemoglobin in red blood cells to form OXYHAEMOGLOBIN which will release oxygen to tissues which require it. (Some oxygen is dissolved in the blood plasma)
What are the 4 chambers in the heart?
2 ventricles 2 auricles (or artia)
How is carbon dioxide carried by red blood cells?
A small amount is dissolved in the plasma but the majority is carried in chemical combination with water in the form of CARBONIC ACID. This is the reason our blood is naturally acidic.
Name the smallest vessel of the circulation system.
The Capillaries. These have walls only one cell thick to allow the passage of oxygen from the blood to he tissues by diffusion (fick’s law)
What are the arteries?
Blood vessels that carry blood from the heart at high pressure (around the body).
What are veins?
Blood vessels that return the blood to the heart at low pressure.
Name the blood vessels that deliver blood to the heart muscles.
The coronary arteries and veins.
How does the deoxygenated blood get to the lungs from the heart?
The right ventricle pumps the deoxygenated blood to the lung via the pulmonary artery. Which is then delivered to the left ventricle via the pulmonary vein.
Symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning?
Headache, tightened across the forehead, dizziness and nausea. Impaired vision. General feeling of lethargy or weakness. Impaired judgement. Personality change. Impaired memory. Slower breathing rate and weakening pulse rate. Loss of muscular power. Convulsions. Death.
What to do if you suspect carbon monoxide poisoning?
Turn off cabin heat.
Stop all smoking.
If oxygen is available, it should be inhaled by all affected.
Increase supply of fresh air through vents and windows.
Land asap
What increases susceptibility to carbon monoxide poisoning?
Altitude. Smoking. Age. Obesity. General state of health.
Effects of smoking?
Lung cancer. Breathing problems. Circulatory problems. Reduced tolerance to g-forces. Increased risk of heart attack. Degradation of night vision.
Hypertension can be caused by?
Stress.
Smoking.
Dietary factors (excessive fat or salt intake etc).
Age.
Obesity.
Lack of exercise.
Narrowing and/or hardening of the arteries.
