Circulation

Question 1

Name the 3 microscopic types of blood vessels?

Answer 1

Capillaries, Venules, and Arterioles

Question 2

The 3 wall layers of arteries and veins are made up of?

Answer 2

Tunica externa, Tunica media, and Tunica interna

Question 3

Adventitia is another name for?

Answer 3

Tunica externa

Question 4

This contains a small amount of elastic fibers, and helps to anchor vessels to surrounding tissue?

Answer 4

Tunica externa

Question 5

Name the function of the nerves that are in the nervi vasorum?

Answer 5

To control contraction and dilation of the smooth muscle layer

Question 6

The vasa vasorum contains small vessels that?

Answer 6

Transport nutrients and O2 to cells of blood vessel walls

Question 7

The adventitia is normally the thickest layer in arteries or viens?

Answer 7

Veins

Question 8

T/F - The tunica externa has the nervi vasorum and vasa vasorum present on the veins and arteries?

Answer 8

True

Question 9

T/F - In the tunica externa of the arteries collagenous fibers predominate? If false, what is the correct answer?

Answer 9

False; Collagenous and elastic fibers are present

Question 10

Are there any types of muscle fibers located in the adventitia of the veins? If so, name the muscle fibers?

Answer 10

Yes; smooth muscle fibers

Question 11

The external elastic lamina is found only in the arteries. What is stands out about its appearance, and what is its function?

Answer 11

It has a variable number of window-like openings, and they are used to facilitate diffusion of materials in both directions.

Question 12

What wall layer is innervated by sympathetic nerve fibers only?

Answer 12

Tunica media

Question 13

In the tunica media how is blood flow regulated?

Answer 13

Vasoconstriction and vasodilation

Question 14

T/F - In arteries elastic fibers and smooth muscle cells predominate through the entire tunica media?

Answer 14

False, proportions of these vary with distance from the heart.

Question 15

T/F - External elastic lamina is found only in the veins of the tunica media?

Answer 15

False, it is only found in the arteries of the tunica media.

Question 16

Out of the 3 layers of the vessels, which one has direct contact with the blood?

Answer 16

Tunica interna

Question 17

Tunica interna consists of how many layers, and what are the names of those layers?

Answer 17

3; internal elastic lamina, basement membrane, and endothelial cell layers.

Question 18

Why are there window-like openings on the internal elastic lamina?

Answer 18

It is used for facilitated diffusion of materials in both directions just like the external elastic lamina.

Question 19

What is another name for the subendothelial layer of the tunica interna?

Answer 19

Basement membrane

Question 20

What is the function of the basement membrane in the tunica media, and can things go through the basement membrane?

Answer 20

Provides physical support for epithelial layer, and anchors the endothelium to underlying tunica media; Yes, basement membrane is permeable.

Question 21

Thromboxane, Nitric oxide, and Endothelin are produce in which layer? These 3 are also known as?

Answer 21

Tunica interna; Also known as local vasoconstrictors

Question 22

Prostacyclin is produced where, and is also know as?

Answer 22

Tunica interna; vasodilator

Question 23

The tunica interna is also know as?

Answer 23

Intima

Question 24

When a blood vessel is damaged, cells replicate to repair this damage in what layer of the vessels (i.e. when blood gets drawn from a patient this occurs after.)

Answer 24

Tunica interna (Intima)

Question 25

Which vessels has valves inside the tunica interna? Where are these valves typically located?

Answer 25

Viens; More in the lower limbs

Question 26

What type of cells line the Intima?

Answer 26

Endothelial cells

Question 27

Why does the tunica interna appear wavy?

Answer 27

Constriction of smooth muscle in the tunica media makes the tunica interna appear wavy.

Question 28

What are the two major types of arteries?

Answer 28

Muscular and elastic

Question 29

Why are elastic arteries found closer to the heart?

Answer 29

They can withstand the higher pressures.

Question 30

Elastic arteries have the highest percentage of what?

Answer 30

Elastic fibers interspersed throughout its tunica media layer.

Question 31

Aorta, Brachiocephalic, Common Carotids, and Common Iliacs are examples of what type of arteries?

Answer 31

Elastic arteries

Question 32

The expansion that causes a momentary storage of mechanical energy is called?

Answer 32

Pressure reservoir

Question 33

Which arteries make kinetic energy by propelling blood forward from a source of stored potential energy?

Answer 33

Elastic arteries

Question 34

Conducting are also known as, and why are they called conducting arteries?

Answer 34

Elastic fibers; They conduct blood from the heart eventually to medium sized muscular arteries.

Question 35

T/F - Muscular arteries contain more elastic fibers than smooth muscle.

Answer 35

False, they contain more smooth muscle and less elastic fibers.

Question 36

This type of artery makes has greater vasoconstriction and vasodilation?

Answer 36

Muscular arteries

Question 37

How do muscular arteries move blood?

Answer 37

They use their extensive musculature to push blood forward.

Question 38

What are also known as the distributing arteries, and what do they include?

Answer 38

The muscular arteries, and they include the axillary, brachial, and femoral arteries.

Question 39

Why are muscular arteries known as distributing arteries?

Answer 39

They continue to branch and distribute blood to arterioles.

Question 40

When anastomoses form between an artery and vein this is called?

Answer 40

Arteriovenous fistula

Question 41

When collateral circulation has formed, what has happened?

Answer 41

There is a blockage of blood flow or slow flow has occured in the small vessels.

Question 42

A union of branches of two or more vessels in the same tissue is?

Answer 42

Anastomoses