Circulation

Question 1

What is angina?

Answer 1

It is a pain or tightness in your chest that happens when the heart does not get enough blood. It is usually due to coronary heart disease. It can also be a sign of heart disease if you have not been diagnosed with it.

Question 2

What is the aorta?

Answer 2

• Artery
• Blood flows from the left ventricle
• Blood flows to the rest of the body
• Biggest artery in the body
• Left side of heart

Question 3

What are the arteries?

Answer 3

• Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart
• Have thick, muscular walls because the blood they contain is at high pressure
• Have small diameter passageways for blood to pass through
• Blood flows quickly

Question 4

What are the atria?

Answer 4

• Upper chambers of the heart
• Receives blood from other parts of the body
• 2
• Plural of atrium

Question 5

What is an atrium?

Answer 5

• Upper chamber of the heart
• Receives blood from other parts of the body
• 2
• Singular of atria

Question 6

What are blood capillaries?

Answer 6

Capillaries connect the smallest branches of arteries and veins. Their walls are just one cell thick and allow for the exchange of molecules between the blood and the body’s cells so molecules can diffuse across their walls.

Question 7

What are blood vessels?

Answer 7

Blood vessels is the overall term for arteries and veins. They are connected by the capillaries.

Question 8

What is carbon dioxide?

Answer 8

A compound consisting of one carbon atom joined to two oxygen atoms. In the atmosphere, it is a greenhouse gas. It has many uses including making drinks fizzy and keeping foods fresh.

Question 9

What are elastic fibres?

Answer 9

Extracellular components of higher vertebrates. They confer elasticity and resilience to numerous tissues and organs such as large blood vessels, lungs and skin.

Question 10

What is glucose?

Answer 10

A substance that provides the energy for living cells. It is produced in photosynthesis and is necessary for respiration.

Question 11

What is haemoglobin?

Answer 11

A red pigment that binds with oxygen to carry it where it is needed for respiration. It is often found in red blood cells.

Question 12

What is the heart?

Answer 12

• Muscle
• Pumps blood around the body

Question 13

What are heart attacks?

Answer 13

When the supply of blood to the heart is suddenly blocked, usually by a blood clot.

Question 14

What is heart rate?

Answer 14

The speed of your heart beating.
Heart rate is measured in beats per minute (bpm).

Question 15

What is the lumen?

Answer 15

A hollow opening or a space inside a blood vessel.

Question 16

What are muscles?

Answer 16

Parts of our bodies that control the movements we make and help to move the body

Question 17

What is oxygen?

Answer 17

A non-metal element that is a gas at room temperature. Its molecules contain two oxygen atoms each.

Question 18

What is a pacemaker?

Answer 18

• Implanted medical device
• Generated electrical pulses cause targeted chamber(s) to contract and pump blood
• Used if heart rate is low or irregular
• Not the same as a defibrillator

Question 19

What are phagocytes?

Answer 19

They surround any pathogens in the blood and engulf them. They are attracted to pathogens and bind to them.

Question 20

What are platelets?

Answer 20

• Involved in blood clotting and scab formation to stop bleeding if your skin is cut

Question 21

What is the pulmonary artery?

Answer 21

• Artery
• Blood flows from right ventricle
• Blood flows to the lungs

Question 22

What is the pulmonary vein?

Answer 22

• Vein
• Blood flows from the lungs
• Blood flows to the left atrium

Question 23

What are red blood cells?

Answer 23

• Transport oxygen
• Contain haemoglobin, a red protein that combines with oxygen
• They have no nucleus so they can contain more haemoglobin
• Small and flexible; can fit through narrow blood vessels

Question 24

What is respiration?

Answer 24

Respiration is a chemical reaction which occurs in all living cells, releasing energy from glucose.

Question 25

What are the semi lunar valves?

Answer 25

The semi lunar valves are valves that prevent blood flowing backwards and regulate the blood flow through the heart from the ventricles to their corresponding arteries.

Question 26

What is a stroke?

Answer 26

A stroke is when a part of your brain dies. This can cause death or reduced brain functioning. A stroke is caused by: - cholesterol building up in an artery in the brain - the artery becomes narrower as a blockage/clot forms - blood flow is restricted - part of the brain is starved of glucose and oxygen - respiration is reduced or stopped - brain cells die

Question 27

What are tendons?

Answer 27

Tendons attach muscles to bones. They are a very strong, inelastic connective tissue that allow a muscle to pull on a bone to move it.

Question 28

What are valves?

Answer 28

- Stop blood flowing backwards in the heart and blood vessels

Question 29

What are veins?

Answer 29

- Carry deoxygenated blood to the heart - Have thin walls because they contain blood at low pressure - Have larger diameter for blood to pass through - Blood flows slower than in arteries - Have valves to prevent low pressure blood flowing backwards

Question 30

What is the vena cava?

Answer 30

- Vein - Blood flows from the body - Blood flows to the right atrium

Question 31

What are ventricles?

Answer 31

- Lower part of the heart - Pumps blood to arteries - 2

Question 32

What are white blood cells?

Answer 32

- Larger than red blood cells - Have a nucleus - Can change shape - Defend the body by fighting germs that cause disease - Produce chemicals called antibodies, a protein that attacks germs and the poisons they make

Question 33

What is blood made up of?

Answer 33

- Plasma - Red blood cells - Platelets - White blood cells

Question 34

What is plasma?

Answer 34

- Transports carbon dioxide, digested food, urea, hormones and heat - straw-coloured liquid - mainly water

Question 35

What is the purpose of blood?

Answer 35

To transport substances to and from the cells of the body and transport the products and reactants of respiration.

Question 36

Draw and label a diagram of an artery.

Question 37

Draw and label a diagram of a vein.

Question 38

Draw and label a diagram of a capillary.

Question 39

Draw the diagram of the main blood vessels going in and out of the heart. **Include:** - aorta - vena cava - pulmonary artery - pulmonary vein

Question 40

Explain the structure and function of the heart. **Include:** - The role of the atria - The role of ventricles - The role of valves

Answer 40

- The atria are where the blood collects when it enters the heart - The ventricles pump the blood out of the heart to the lungs or around the body - Valves stop the blood flowing backwards and blocking circulation

Question 41

How does exercise **affect** the heart and breathing rate?

Answer 41

When doing exercise, you need more energy, so you must respire more. You can temporarily respire without oxygen but you eventually need oxygen, so you need to breathe quicker more frequently for oxygen. Your heart rate increases during exercise because your muscles need enough blood to provide them with nutrients and oxygen. An increase in heart rate also allows for waste products to be removed.

Question 42

The right side of the heart pumps blood to the _ _ _ _ _.

Answer 42

The right side of the heart pumps blood to the **lungs**.

Question 43

The left side of the heart pumps blood to the _ _ _ _.

Answer 43

The left side of the heart pumps blood to the **body**.

Question 44

The left side of the heart has thicker walls than the right. Why is this?

Answer 44

Because the left side needs to put the blood under higher pressure because this blood must be able to flow to the furthest parts of the body.

Question 45

What is the function of the septum?

Answer 45

To separate the two sides of the heart.