Circulation Flashcards
What is the function of the myocardium?
The myocardium pumps blood and requires a continuous supply of oxygen and nutrients.
How does the myocardium meet increased oxygen demands during physical exertion?
By increasing cardiac output through increased heart rate or stroke volume.
What are coronary arteries?
Blood vessels that supply blood to the heart muscle.
What does the right coronary artery supply?
Blood to the right atrium, right ventricle, and inferior wall of the left ventricle.
What does the left coronary artery supply?
Blood to the left atrium and left ventricle, dividing into two major branches.
What arteries supply blood to the head and brain? What arteries supply blood to the upper extremities?
Right and left carotid arteries
right and left subclavian arteries.
What is the brachial artery?
The brachial artery branches into _____
The major vessel that supplies blood to each arm, branching from the subclavian artery.
radial and ulnar arteries supplying blood to lower arms and hands
What do the iliac arteries supply?
Blood to the groin, pelvis, and legs.
What are the two main branches of the femoral artery?
Anterior tibial artery and posterior tibial artery and the peroneal artery supplying blood to lower legs and feet
What are capillaries?
Tiny blood vessels about one cell thick that connect arterioles to venules.
What occurs in the capillaries?
Exchange of nutrients and waste at the cellular level.
What are venules?
The smallest branches of veins that collect oxygen-poor blood from capillaries.
What are the two large venae cavae?
Superior vena cava and inferior vena cava.
What is the role of red blood cells?
Carry oxygen to the body’s tissues and remove carbon dioxide.
gives blood its color
bright red (oxygenated)
dark red (deoxygenated)
What is the function of white blood cells?
Help to fight infection.
What do platelets do?
Help the blood to clot.
What is plasma?
The fluid in which blood cells float, consisting of water, salts, nutrients, and proteins.
What is blood pressure?
The force of circulating blood against the walls of the arteries.
What is systolic blood pressure?
The maximum pressure generated during the contraction of the left ventricle.
What is diastolic blood pressure?
The pressure exerted against the walls of the arteries while the left ventricle is at rest.
What is the mean arterial pressure (MAP)?
The average blood pressure and a good measure of perfusion.
What generates a pulse?
The blood passing through an artery during systole.
What are peripheral pulses?
Pulses felt in the extremities. (radial and posterior tibia)
What are central pulses?
Pulses felt near the trunk of the body. (femoral and carotid arteries)
