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Medical science > Circulation > Flashcards

Circulation Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Giraffes and humans both have one-way valves. What are they used for?

A

prevent the blood from flowing back to the brain

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2
Q

What are the four purposes of a circulatory system?

A

a criulation system is needed when the body is too large to diffuse alone.bring nutrients from digestive system to body cells.carrieso2to the body cells and removes co2 from the body cells.removes waste from body cells.

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3
Q

What is the name of the type of circulatory “system” that Cnidarians and Flatworms have?

A

gastrovasular cavity

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4
Q

What are the three parts of a “true circulatory system”?

A

circultory fluid(blood),muscular pump(heart),and set of tubes(blood vessels)to carry the fluid

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5
Q

What are three unique properties of open circulatory systems? (Unique means these properties are only found in open circulatory systems and not shared with closed circulatory systems).

A

no transport of gasses,fluid flowing in the system hemolymph,and no respirtory pigmets are present

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6
Q

What are the three types of vessels found in the cardiovascular system?

A

arteries,veins,capillares

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7
Q

How many chambers does the fish heart have? What is a drawback to single circulation?

A

2 chambers.drawback oxygen delivery rate is slow

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8
Q

What is the name of the circuit where the blood goes from the heart to the lungs and back? When this blood leaves the heart, is it oxygenated or deoxygenated?

A

pulmury cirutory oxygened

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9
Q

What is the name of the circuit where the blood goes from the heart to the body cells and back? When this blood leaves the heart, is it oxygenated or deoxygenated?

A

systemic ciriut deoxygened

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10
Q

What’s the difference between single circulation and double circulation?

A

single circulation blood flows to and from the heart through a single pathway.double circulation two separte pathways that are connected to heart which oxygenated and deoxygened

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11
Q

What’s the difference between three-chambered hearts and four-chambered hearts? Please don’t write the number of chambers:)

A

3 chambers 1 ventricale 2 artia.4 chambers 2 ventricles 2 artia

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12
Q

What is the difference between endotherms and ectotherms?

A

endothers generate their own heat and maintain an optimal body tempture.ectotherms external or outside sources to regulate their body heart

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13
Q

What is convergent evolution? How does it relate to this chapter?

A

natural selction favors the same adaptation in response to similar enviroment. it realtes to the chapter because its talking about the adaptsion of the eviroment and stuff

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14
Q

What does pulmonary refer to?

A

the lungs

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15
Q

What is the aorta?

A

the largest blood vessle in the body

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15
Q

Do veins go towards or away from the heart?

A

go toward your heart

16
Q

Where are coronary arteries, and what do they specifically do?

A

along the conoronary sulcus of myocardium of the heart they supply blood to the heart

17
Q

Compare inferior vena cava and the superior vena cava?

A

inferior vena cava is upper body cappillareies surperior venna cava is lower body capillarries

18
Q

What do capillaries do?

A

take waste products away from your tissues

19
Q

Why are the walls of the atria thinner than the walls of the ventricles?

A

the atria recives blood rather then pumping it out

20
Q

What are three facts that are true during diastole?

A

the semilunar valvesare closed, atrioventicular valves are open,word comes from dia means apart seprated/expansion

21
Q

What are three facts that are true during systole?

A

word comes from greek menas contract,atrioventicular valves are closed,nlood pushes through semilunar valves and out of the heart

22
Q

What controls the speed of your heart contractions?

A

the brain

23
Q

What are the four steps of the cardiac cycle?

A

1 Sa node seprate through atria,2 delayed at the AV node 3 specialized muscle fibers pass sinals to the heart apex 4 spread throughout the ventricles

24
Q

Explain how the phrase myocardial infarction means heart attack (Latin).

A

myo muscle and cardiac heart . infaraction- infarcirce to plug up or cram

25
Q

What causes a heart attack? What happens to the heart during a heart attack?

A

damage or death of cardiac muscle results from a blockages coronary artery

26
Q

What are cardiovascular diseases? They are disorders of the ____ and ____.

A

coronary heart disease,stroke,heart fauliar,blood vessels and heart

27
Q

What is a stroke?

A

death of brain tissue from blocked or ruptured arteries in the head and atherosclerosis

28
Q

What is atherosclerosis?

A

fatty deposit develop on the walls of arteries which narrow blood vessels and restrict blood flow

29
Q

What is plaque (not talking about teeth :)?

A

grow it incorporates fibrous connective tissues and cholesterol causing the walls become thick and stiff

30
Q

Give three facts from the PowerPoint about capillaries.

A

thin walls consting of a single layer of epithelial cells wide as one red blood cell.allows it to come close enough to the surrounding tissue that o2 can diffuse out of red blood cells

31
Q

What do the kidneys do?

A

cellular waste is removed

32
Q

Compare capillaries, arterioles, and arteries.

A

thicker,stretch and recoil

33
Q

What is the structural difference between arteries and veins?

A

arteries are thick walls with muscle tissue and veins are thin walls and use values to keep blood flowing

34
Q

Why is it important that arteries are elastic?

A

strong to help with additional high blood pressure from the heart

35
Q

How do arteries regulate blood flow?

A

concicsting or relaxing thier smooth muscle layer

36
Q

Define blood pressure.

A

the force of blood exerts on vessel walls

37
Q

What’s the difference between systole and diastole?

A

systole the heart contracts. diastole the heart relaxes and blood flows from the veins into heart chambers

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