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Anatomy and Physiology 12 Circulation > Circulation > Flashcards

Circulation Flashcards

1
Q

How many chambers does the heart have?

A

The heart has 4 chambers: left and right atrium, left and right atria

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2
Q

What is the job of the atria?

A

The atria RECIEVE blood from viens

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3
Q

What is the job of the ventricles?

A

The ventricles pump blood OUT of the heart to the lungs and body

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4
Q

Where are the ventricles located?

A

Bottom of the heart

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5
Q

Where are the atria located?

A

Top of the heart (a before v)

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6
Q

Do atria or ventricles have thicker walls?

A

Ventricles have thicker walls as they pump blood OUT of the heart

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7
Q

What does the right atrium do?

A

The right atrium receives oxygen poor blood from the body and pumps it to the right ventricle.

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8
Q

What does the right ventricle do?

A

The right ventricle pumps oxygen poor blood to the lungs to be oxygenated.

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9
Q

What does the left atrium do?

A

The left atrium receives oxygen rich blood from the lungs and pumps it to the left ventricle.

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10
Q

What does the left ventricle do?

A

The left ventricle pumps oxygen rich blood to the body. The left ventricle must be very strong as it pumps blood ALL over the body.

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11
Q

What does the right atrium do?

A

The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the vena cava and pumps it through the tricuspid valve to the right ventricle

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12
Q

What does the right ventricle do?

A

The right ventricle receives deoxygenated blood from the right atrium through the tricuspid valve and pumps the blood through the pulmonic valve through the pulmonic artery to the lungs

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13
Q

What do the lungs do

A

The lungs receive oxygen poor blood from the pulmonic artery. In the lungs, capillary covered alveoli (air sacs) oxygenate the blood flowing through the capillaries. Then, the pulmonic vein takes the newly oxygenated blood back to the heart.

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14
Q

What does the left atrium do?

A

The left atrium receives oxygen rich blood via the pulmonary vein and pumps it through the bicuspid (mitral) valve to the left ventricle.

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15
Q

What does the left ventricle do?

A

The left ventricle receives oxygen rich blood from the left atrium via the bicuspid (mitral) valve. This blood is pumped through the aortic valve to the aorta, which pumps the blood through the body

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16
Q

What is the aorta and what is its function.

A

The aorta is the major artery in the body. It is the biggest blood vessel in the body. It curves out of the heart, carrying oxygen rich blood from the left ventricle. The aorta transports oxygen rich blood to the body.

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17
Q

What is considered your transport system?

A

The blood is your transport system.

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18
Q

What is blood composed of?

A

Blood is composed of red blood cells (45%), white blood cells and platelets (less than 1%), and plasma (55%)

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19
Q

What is plasma?

A

Plasma is the liquid component of blood that contains ions, nutrients, water, wastes, drugs, hormone, amino acids, monomer molecules, salts and sugars, and gases. Plasma is 55% of blood

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20
Q

What are erythrocytes?

A

Erythrocytes are red blood cells. They carry oxygen

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21
Q

What are leukocytes?

A

Leukocytes are white blood cells. White blood cells fight infections

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22
Q

What is the Buffy coat?

A

The Buffy coat is the layer of platelets and white blood cells in a separated test tube of blood

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23
Q

What way do arteries travel

A

Arteries travel away from the heart

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24
Q

What way do veins travel

A

Veins travel towards the heart

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25
What percent of humans are water
Approx 70%
26
Where is mots of the water in humans found
Most water in humans is found in the cytoplasm of cells, the rest is found in tissue fluid around cells, lymph, and blood vessels
27
What do platelets do?
Platelets clot blood
28
How long do red blood cells live?
About 3-4 months
29
What are the functions of blood
Bloods three main functions are transportation, regulation, and protection
30
What is blood considered
Blood is a liquid connective tissue
31
Why is blood considered a connective tissue
Blood is considered a liquid connective tissue because it connects cells in the body by transportation of gasses, wastes, and nutrients.
32
Why is blood considered a connective tissue
Blood is considered a liquid connective tissue because it connects cells in the body by transportation of gasses, wastes, and nutrients.
33
How does blood protect?
White blood cells (leukocytes) are immune system cells and protect the body from infections bacteria and viruses.
34
How does blood transport?
The blood transports nutrients oxygen carbon dioxide waste and much more. Red blood cells (erythrocytes) transport oxygen, plasma carries co2, and plasma carries nutrients snd waste
35
What does hemoglobin do
Hemoglobin is a protein found in red blood cells and carries oxygen.
36
What are blood proteins?
Blood proteins transport molecules through blood vessels.
37
What is cholesterol
Cholesterol is a lipid found in plasma. As a lipid, cholesterol is insoluble in plasma, however when carried with blood proteins, it becomes soluble and can be transported in plasma.
38
Blood viscosity
Blood is thicket than water- blood proteins contribute to viscosity.
39
What does viscosity of blood effect
Blood viscosity aids in transport
40
Do blood types have multiple alleles?
Blood types have multiple alleles
41
Blood type dominance
Blood type is codominant
42
What blood type is recessive
O blood type is recessive to a and B- both parents must have o in their blood type
43
What is an allele
An allele is the variant of the sequence or pattern on dna which determines a gene
44
What does blood protect against
Blood protects against foreign molecules, infection, and blood loss
45
How does blood regulate?
Blood regulates temperature, oxygen and carbon dioxide levels, blood flow, and where blood goes. This all regulates homeostasis
46
What does erythrocyte mean
Red blood cell Eryth- red Cyte-cell
47
What does leukocyte mean
Leukocytes are white blood cells Leuko- White Cyte-cell
48
What are thrombocytes
Thrombocytes are platelets Throm-clot Cyte-cell
49
What is bone marrow
Bone marrow the soft fatty tissue found inside bones. There is red and yellow bone marrow
50
What does red bone marrow do?
Red bone marrow produces stem cells, which can evolve to become many types of cells including red and white blood cells and platelets
51
What are stem cells
Stem cells are the cells formed in red bone marrow. Stem cells evolve to form many types of cells and are self-renewing (can make more of themselves). Stem cells evolve to form red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets (all types of blood cells)
52
Are bone tissues alive
Yes, bone tissues are alive and always changing
53
Is red bone marrow found in all bones
Red bone marrow is only found in certain sponges bones, other spongey bones only have yellow bone marrow
54
Do blood vessels go though bones
Yes, bones have tiny holes for blood vessels to go through
55
What is erythropoiesis
Erythropoiesis is the production of red blood cells (erythrocytes)
56
Out of 10, how many cells in your body are red blood cells?
8/10 cells in your body are red blood cells
57
Where do blood cells come from
All blood cells come from the red bone marrow, where stem cells evolve to become different cells
58
What is a reticulocyte
A reticulocyte is an immature red blood cell
59
How long does it take for a reticulocyte to become an erythrocyte?
It takes a week for a reticulocyte to become an erythrocyte
60
What is hemolysis?
Hemolysis is the removal of unhealthy red blood cells (erythrocytes)
61
What is the removal of unhealthy erythrocytes called?
Hemolysis is the removal of unhealthy blood cells
62
What is anemia?
Anemia is low blood cell count- can be a result of different issues but means that since there’s too few RBCs, there’s less hemoglobin, which contains Iron
63
What important nutrient does hemoglobin contain
Hemoglobin, a protein found in red blood cells, contains iron
64
What is erythrocytes only function?
Red blood cells carry oxygen through a protein called hemoglobin
65
Does hemoglobin carry oxygen and carbon dioxide?
True hemoglobin carries oxygen and carbon dioxide
66
Can white blood cells squeeze through blood vessels to leave blood
True, white blood cells can squeeze through blood vessels to leave blood
67
What is the universal blood donor
O negative
68
Are platelets found in plasma
No, platelets are not found in plasma
69
Where are white blood cells produced
White blood cells are produced in red bone marrow as stem cells
70
Can erythrocytes squeeze and fold
Yes erythrocytes are small enough to squeeze and fold
71
What are the valves of the heart
Semilunar (pulmonic valve and aortic valve) Atrioventricular (between atria and ventricles) (tricuspid valve and mitral/bicuspid valve)
72
Intrinsic components of circulatory system
Intrinsic means in heart The intrinsic components are the sinoatrial node and atrioventricular node
73
Extrinsic control component of circulatory system
Extrinsic- outside of heart The brain stem- Medula oblongata is the extrinsic control

Anatomy and Physiology 12 Circulation (2 decks)

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