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Anatomy and Physiology 12 Circulation > Circulation > Flashcards

Circulation Flashcards

1
Q

How many chambers does the heart have?

A

The heart has 4 chambers: left and right atrium, left and right atria

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2
Q

What is the job of the atria?

A

The atria RECIEVE blood from viens

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3
Q

What is the job of the ventricles?

A

The ventricles pump blood OUT of the heart to the lungs and body

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4
Q

Where are the ventricles located?

A

Bottom of the heart

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5
Q

Where are the atria located?

A

Top of the heart (a before v)

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6
Q

Do atria or ventricles have thicker walls?

A

Ventricles have thicker walls as they pump blood OUT of the heart

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7
Q

What does the right atrium do?

A

The right atrium receives oxygen poor blood from the body and pumps it to the right ventricle.

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8
Q

What does the right ventricle do?

A

The right ventricle pumps oxygen poor blood to the lungs to be oxygenated.

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9
Q

What does the left atrium do?

A

The left atrium receives oxygen rich blood from the lungs and pumps it to the left ventricle.

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10
Q

What does the left ventricle do?

A

The left ventricle pumps oxygen rich blood to the body. The left ventricle must be very strong as it pumps blood ALL over the body.

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11
Q

What does the right atrium do?

A

The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the vena cava and pumps it through the tricuspid valve to the right ventricle

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12
Q

What does the right ventricle do?

A

The right ventricle receives deoxygenated blood from the right atrium through the tricuspid valve and pumps the blood through the pulmonic valve through the pulmonic artery to the lungs

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13
Q

What do the lungs do

A

The lungs receive oxygen poor blood from the pulmonic artery. In the lungs, capillary covered alveoli (air sacs) oxygenate the blood flowing through the capillaries. Then, the pulmonic vein takes the newly oxygenated blood back to the heart.

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14
Q

What does the left atrium do?

A

The left atrium receives oxygen rich blood via the pulmonary vein and pumps it through the bicuspid (mitral) valve to the left ventricle.

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15
Q

What does the left ventricle do?

A

The left ventricle receives oxygen rich blood from the left atrium via the bicuspid (mitral) valve. This blood is pumped through the aortic valve to the aorta, which pumps the blood through the body

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16
Q

What is the aorta and what is its function.

A

The aorta is the major artery in the body. It is the biggest blood vessel in the body. It curves out of the heart, carrying oxygen rich blood from the left ventricle. The aorta transports oxygen rich blood to the body.

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17
Q

What is considered your transport system?

A

The blood is your transport system.

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18
Q

What is blood composed of?

A

Blood is composed of red blood cells (45%), white blood cells and platelets (less than 1%), and plasma (55%)

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19
Q

What is plasma?

A

Plasma is the liquid component of blood that contains ions, nutrients, water, wastes, drugs, hormone, amino acids, monomer molecules, salts and sugars, and gases. Plasma is 55% of blood

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20
Q

What are erythrocytes?

A

Erythrocytes are red blood cells. They carry oxygen

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21
Q

What are leukocytes?

A

Leukocytes are white blood cells. White blood cells fight infections

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22
Q

What is the Buffy coat?

A

The Buffy coat is the layer of platelets and white blood cells in a separated test tube of blood

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23
Q

What way do arteries travel

A

Arteries travel away from the heart

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24
Q

What way do veins travel

A

Veins travel towards the heart

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25
Q

What percent of humans are water

A

Approx 70%

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26
Q

Where is mots of the water in humans found

A

Most water in humans is found in the cytoplasm of cells, the rest is found in tissue fluid around cells, lymph, and blood vessels

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27
Q

What do platelets do?

A

Platelets clot blood

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28
Q

How long do red blood cells live?

A

About 3-4 months

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29
Q

What are the functions of blood

A

Bloods three main functions are transportation, regulation, and protection

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30
Q

What is blood considered

A

Blood is a liquid connective tissue

31
Q

Why is blood considered a connective tissue

A

Blood is considered a liquid connective tissue because it connects cells in the body by transportation of gasses, wastes, and nutrients.

32
Q

Why is blood considered a connective tissue

A

Blood is considered a liquid connective tissue because it connects cells in the body by transportation of gasses, wastes, and nutrients.

33
Q

How does blood protect?

A

White blood cells (leukocytes) are immune system cells and protect the body from infections bacteria and viruses.

34
Q

How does blood transport?

A

The blood transports nutrients oxygen carbon dioxide waste and much more. Red blood cells (erythrocytes) transport oxygen, plasma carries co2, and plasma carries nutrients snd waste

35
Q

What does hemoglobin do

A

Hemoglobin is a protein found in red blood cells and carries oxygen.

36
Q

What are blood proteins?

A

Blood proteins transport molecules through blood vessels.

37
Q

What is cholesterol

A

Cholesterol is a lipid found in plasma. As a lipid, cholesterol is insoluble in plasma, however when carried with blood proteins, it becomes soluble and can be transported in plasma.

38
Q

Blood viscosity

A

Blood is thicket than water- blood proteins contribute to viscosity.

39
Q

What does viscosity of blood effect

A

Blood viscosity aids in transport

40
Q

Do blood types have multiple alleles?

A

Blood types have multiple alleles

41
Q

Blood type dominance

A

Blood type is codominant

42
Q

What blood type is recessive

A

O blood type is recessive to a and B- both parents must have o in their blood type

43
Q

What is an allele

A

An allele is the variant of the sequence or pattern on dna which determines a gene

44
Q

What does blood protect against

A

Blood protects against foreign molecules, infection, and blood loss

45
Q

How does blood regulate?

A

Blood regulates temperature, oxygen and carbon dioxide levels, blood flow, and where blood goes. This all regulates homeostasis

46
Q

What does erythrocyte mean

A

Red blood cell
Eryth- red
Cyte-cell

47
Q

What does leukocyte mean

A

Leukocytes are white blood cells
Leuko- White
Cyte-cell

48
Q

What are thrombocytes

A

Thrombocytes are platelets
Throm-clot
Cyte-cell

49
Q

What is bone marrow

A

Bone marrow the soft fatty tissue found inside bones.
There is red and yellow bone marrow

50
Q

What does red bone marrow do?

A

Red bone marrow produces stem cells, which can evolve to become many types of cells including red and white blood cells and platelets

51
Q

What are stem cells

A

Stem cells are the cells formed in red bone marrow. Stem cells evolve to form many types of cells and are self-renewing (can make more of themselves). Stem cells evolve to form red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets (all types of blood cells)

52
Q

Are bone tissues alive

A

Yes, bone tissues are alive and always changing

53
Q

Is red bone marrow found in all bones

A

Red bone marrow is only found in certain sponges bones, other spongey bones only have yellow bone marrow

54
Q

Do blood vessels go though bones

A

Yes, bones have tiny holes for blood vessels to go through

55
Q

What is erythropoiesis

A

Erythropoiesis is the production of red blood cells (erythrocytes)

56
Q

Out of 10, how many cells in your body are red blood cells?

A

8/10 cells in your body are red blood cells

57
Q

Where do blood cells come from

A

All blood cells come from the red bone marrow, where stem cells evolve to become different cells

58
Q

What is a reticulocyte

A

A reticulocyte is an immature red blood cell

59
Q

How long does it take for a reticulocyte to become an erythrocyte?

A

It takes a week for a reticulocyte to become an erythrocyte

60
Q

What is hemolysis?

A

Hemolysis is the removal of unhealthy red blood cells (erythrocytes)

61
Q

What is the removal of unhealthy erythrocytes called?

A

Hemolysis is the removal of unhealthy blood cells

62
Q

What is anemia?

A

Anemia is low blood cell count- can be a result of different issues but means that since there’s too few RBCs, there’s less hemoglobin, which contains Iron

63
Q

What important nutrient does hemoglobin contain

A

Hemoglobin, a protein found in red blood cells, contains iron

64
Q

What is erythrocytes only function?

A

Red blood cells carry oxygen through a protein called hemoglobin

65
Q

Does hemoglobin carry oxygen and carbon dioxide?

A

True hemoglobin carries oxygen and carbon dioxide

66
Q

Can white blood cells squeeze through blood vessels to leave blood

A

True, white blood cells can squeeze through blood vessels to leave blood

67
Q

What is the universal blood donor

A

O negative

68
Q

Are platelets found in plasma

A

No, platelets are not found in plasma

69
Q

Where are white blood cells produced

A

White blood cells are produced in red bone marrow as stem cells

70
Q

Can erythrocytes squeeze and fold

A

Yes erythrocytes are small enough to squeeze and fold

71
Q

What are the valves of the heart

A

Semilunar (pulmonic valve and aortic valve)
Atrioventricular (between atria and ventricles) (tricuspid valve and mitral/bicuspid valve)

72
Q

Intrinsic components of circulatory system

A

Intrinsic means in heart
The intrinsic components are the sinoatrial node and atrioventricular node

73
Q

Extrinsic control component of circulatory system

A

Extrinsic- outside of heart
The brain stem- Medula oblongata is the extrinsic control

Anatomy and Physiology 12 Circulation (2 decks)

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