Circulation Flashcards
In any wound due to trauma where there is haemorrhage (bleeding), what 3 things occur in order to help reduce haemorrhaging?
thrombosis
vasoconstriction
clotting
what are the two components of thrombus/thrombi?
-fibrin
-platelets
what two components make up a clot
fibrin and RBC
what enzyme does the clotting factor use?
serine proteases
what is embolism ? and what is it derived from?
a mass of material moving through the vascular system
dervied from thrombus being cu
what can an embolus end up blocking in the vascular system?
block its lumen
what is a normal blood pressure value?
120/80mm/Hg
what does the clotting cascade produce ?
produces thrombin from prothrombin
what does thrombin convert ?
fibrinogen into fibrin
state whether fibrinogen & fibrin are soluble or insoluble and also state if theyre large or small
fibrinogen is soluble & small
fibrin is insoluble & large
what does the word ischaemia mean and what chain of events happen due to ischaemia ?
poor blood supply to a tissue
causes hypoxia which causes necrosis
what two organs does having shock affect?
the brain & kidney (ischaemia in both)
the brain is reversible but then becomes permanent
kidney is reversible but becomes more severe
what type of obstruction occurs when thrombus blocking happens?
complete and partial obstruction
what is the name given to something when the localized area of the tissue dies?
infarction
when does homeostsis occur/has been achieved in terms of bleeding - is it when bleeding continues or once bleeding has stopped?
homeostasis is achieved once bleeding has stopped
what is thrombolysis ?
when plasmin cuts fibrin into smaller fragments
describe the function of the carotid sinuses
when BP drops the cartotid sinuse sends a signal to the brain. the brain tells the heart to pump faster via SNS signal and HR increases to compensate for loss in BP.
3 functions of platelets
- trauma to vessels
-adhere
-exposure
what is the clotting system activated by?
collagen and stagnant blood
what does smoking cigarretes do to your platelets and what is the chance of thrombus forming due to this ?
increases the stickiness of platelets
thrombus is more likely to form
how is thrombus removed ?
plasminogen protein is converted into plasmin
plasmin cuts fibrin into smaller fragments (process called thromolysis)
where does thrombus occur and its role
occurs in flowing blood & stops bleeding
what are multiple layers of clot and thrombus called ?
Lines of Zahn.
what is Lines of Zahn?
multiple layers of clot and thrombus
