Circulation Flashcards
Organs for diffusion
LET-GC
Entire Outer skin (frogs), tracheae, cell surface, gills and lungs.
What do molluscs and crustacea have?
A diffusion lung.
What do sand crabs have?
Cutaneous patches on upper limbs
What do soldier crabs have?
Bronchial chamber.
What does circulation move?
Respiratory gases, nutrients, water, salts, metabolites and waste, hormones, RBCs and WBCs, and platelets.
Haemoglobin
Blood Protein
Has 2 alpha and beta globins, along with 4 haem making a heterotetrameric complex, blood: red colour.
(See Quizlet Image)
What animals use haemoglobin?
Humans and majority of vertebrates.
Chlorocruorin
Very large free-floating multimeric complex of myoglobin like subunits, containing porphyrin, gives blood a green colour.
(See Quizlet Image)
Light green= deoxy
Green= oxygenated
When more concentrated appears light red
What animals use chlorocruorin?
Some segmented worms, leeches and marine worms.
Haemocyanin
Monomer/hexamer in arthropods and polymer in molluscs, has no porphyrin, it uses copper instead of iron.
(See Quizlet Image)
deoxy= colourless
oxy= blue
Haemocyanin in blood
It is free-floating, and gives blood a blue colour when oxygenated.
What stabilises the copper in haemocyanin?
6 Histidines.
What animals use haemocyanin?
Spiders, crustaceans, some molluscs, octopuses and squids.
Haemorythrin
A homo/hetero octamer with no porphyrin, 1/4 as efficient as haemoglobin, gives blood a violet colour.
(See Quizlet Image)
What animals use haemorythrin?
Marine worms.
Open circulation
Blood bathes tissues directly, low pressure, low oxygen delivery, cannot regulate flow, but metabolically cheap and less risk of blood loss when injured.
What animals have open circulation?
Many invertebrates such as nematodes, arthropods, molluscs and tunicates.
Closed circulation
Blood is contained in vessels, high pressure, high oxygen delivery, can regulate flow but metabolically expensive and vulnerable to injury.
What animals have closed circulation?
Mammals.
Open circulatory systems
Diffusion occurs in sinuses, blood percolates through and diffuses under low pressure.
Insect circulation
Dorsal, tubular heart with anterior arteries and multiple ostia bring blood back to heart.
Dorsal vessel in insects
Main insect vessel that runs longitudinally through thorax and abdomen along inside of dorsal body wall, fragile and collects haemolymph in the abdomen and drives it to head.
What drives movement of haemolymph in insects?
Peristalsis of ciliary muscles.
What allows return of insect haemolymph?
In the diastolic phase, the ostia open up to allow influx.
Purpose of insect circulation
Blood is not used to carry O2, but does all other roles.
Insect tracheal system
Network of air filled tubes, reduces water loss and can be shut off, allows recovery of water vapour, it delivers O2 to the tissues with ends permeable to gases.
Where does diffusion occur in closed circulatory systems?
Capillaries.
Two basic types of hearts
Chambered heart and tubular hearts.
What animals have a chambered heart?
Molluscs and vertebrates.
What animals have a tubular heart?
Arthropods.
Tubular heart
Peristaltic, aortic arches in annelids with accessory hearts.
Accessory hearts
Pump hemolymph into wings, legs, and other remote structures.
What species have accessory hearts?
Insects, fish and amphibians.