CIPS L4M3 Chapter 3 (3.3) Flashcards
1
Q
What is Price?
A
- the amount expressed in units of currency, to be paid by the purchaser to the supplier to obtain the goods or services
2
Q
What is Cost?
A
- the total sum of amounts paid by the supplier in order to produce the goods or provide the services
3
Q
What is a Price schedule?
A
- an appendix to a contract setting out what the prices are
4
Q
What is a Schedule of rates?
A
- An itemized list of component parts within a lump-sum contract, or a list of individual products, giving a price for each unit. Note that the rate may be different for different order volumes
5
Q
What is Linear Pricing?
A
- One price for any quantity
6
Q
What is Non-linear pricing?
A
- Multiple lines for price breaks. Higher the quantity, cheaper the price
7
Q
When are hourly rates/day rates used?
A
- services, where most of the cost is for the person or people providing the service e.g. consultants, lawyers, training providers
8
Q
What are Combination rates?
A
- Where the service being provided is a mixture of goods and services (parts and labor)
9
Q
How can standard schedules be used?
A
- They can be used as reference points against which prices can be compared in tendering and negotiation
10
Q
What is a Fixed pricing arrangement?
A
- the purchaser will simply say they want ‘X’ amount of a product and will be quoted a fee for that one order. It can also be used for services.
11
Q
What is the risk in using fixed-pricing arrangements?
A
- The cost risk of fixed pricing arrangements is shared between the two parties, but it may not be shared equally. That will depend on the following -
- How accurate the specification is?
- How robustly the supplier resists post-contract change requests
- How good the original price estimation is by both parties
12
Q
What are the advantages of using fixed pricing arrangements?
A
- Budget/income certainty
- The impact of changes to the suppliers cost base is not fed through to the purchaser. If costs diminish, the supplier will benefit from this, and if cost rise, the purchaser will benefit
13
Q
What are the disadvantages of using fixed pricing arrangements?
A
- Time needed to fully specify exactly what is included and excluded in the price
- The impact of changes to the suppliers cost base is not fed through to the purchaser.
- Assumptions, e.g. on the balance of high cost/low-cost items not being met, could lead to disputes
- Potential for quality issues if the fixed price is too low - supplier will deliver down to price
14
Q
What are Fixed costs?
A
- A cost that remains constant in the short term irrespective of production volumes
15
Q
What are Variable costs?
A
- Costs that change directly in line with the output of the organization
or
- Cost that fluctuate as production increases and decreases
16
Q
Why should purchasers seek to understanding supplier mark-ups and margins?
A
- To help to determine whether they are getting a reasonable deal