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In Progress > CIP 1 Day 1 and 2 > Flashcards

CIP 1 Day 1 and 2 Flashcards

1
Q

_________ is the deterioration of a material, usually a metal, that results from a reaction with its environment.

A

Corrosion

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2
Q

___________is a reduction of the anodic reaction rate of an electrode involved in corrosion.

A

Passivation

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3
Q

In order for corrosion to occur, certain conditions ad elements are essential. These are collectively referred to as the _________ ____.

A

Corrosion Cell

Anode, Cathode, Metallic Pathway, Electrolyte

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4
Q

The electrolyte is a medium that conducts _____ current.

A

Ionic

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5
Q

The _______ is the more noble region on the electrode (metal surface, or in the battery analogy the carbon rod) where the electrons are consumed.

A

Cathode

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6
Q

The ______ ____ connects the anode and the cathode and allows passage of electrons, generated at the anode, to the cathode.

A

Return Path

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7
Q

An __________ is a medium that conducts ionic (rather than electronic) current

A

Electrolyte

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8
Q

____ _____ is the oxide layer formed during hot fabrication or heat treatment of metals. A blue-black layer of iron/iron-oxide; cathodic relative to substrate; Generally removed prior to painting

A

Mill Scale

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9
Q

The ________ ______ is a list of materials in order of their corrosion potentials; with the most easily corroded, or most active, at the top and the least active at the bottom.

A

Galvanic Series

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10
Q

Corrosion occuring uniformly across a surface is called _______ _________.

A

Generalized Corrosion

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11
Q

_________ _________ occurs at discrete sites on the metal surface.

A

Localized Corrosion

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12
Q

_______ corrosion does not proceed uniformly but primarily occurs at distinct spots where deep ____ are formed.

A

Pitting

The bottoms of pits are anodes in a small, localized corrosion cell, often aggravated by a large cathode-to-anode ratio.

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13
Q

_______ _________ occurs on a metal surface that is shielded from full exposure to the environment because of the close proximity of another material that forms a narrow gap between them.

A

Crevice Corrosion

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14
Q

Substance that, when added to an environment, prevents or decreases the rate of corrosion.

A

Corrosion Inhibitor

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15
Q

A technique to reduce the corrosion of a metal surface by making the surface the cathode of an electrochemical cell. Uses sacrificial anodes, magnesium, zinc or aluminum, that will corrode in preference to the steel structure they are connected to.

A

Cathodic Protection

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16
Q

A reduction of the anodic reaction rate of an electrode involved in corrosion

A

Passivation

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17
Q

What are the elements of a corrosion cell?

A
  1. Anode
  2. Cathode
  3. Metallic path
  4. Electrolyte
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18
Q

Different concentrations of oxygen on the same metal that usually occurs in immersion conditions is called an ______ _____________ ____.

A

Oxygen Concentration Cell

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19
Q

________ _____ increases the rate of corrosion by increasing the efficiency (conductivity) of the electrolyte.

A

Chemical Salts

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20
Q

Plants and refineries are known to have highly corrosive environments due to the presence of _____, _________, and ____ ________ all of which can stimulate corrosion.

A
  • Gases
  • Chemicals
  • High humidity
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21
Q

Chemical with High Humidity

A

Highly corrosive environment because of the gases, chemicals and high humidity all of which can stimulate corrosion

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22
Q

Marine with High Humidity

A

Provides an active electrolyte because of the moisture and the salt particles.

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23
Q

Chemical with Low Humidity

A

Gases and chemicals stimulate corrosion even in low humidity.

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24
Q

Rural Environments

A

Least corrosive environment due to clean air, few pollutants and low moisture

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25
Q

Least corrosive environment due to clean air, few pollutants and low moisture.

A

Rural Environments

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26
Q

What occurs at the anode?

A

Metal deterioration

Metal ions enter into the solution and corrosion usually occurs at this location, generates the electrons

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27
Q

What is the function of the electrolyte?

A

Transport ions between the anode and the cathode

closes the loop in a corrosion cell

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28
Q

______ ____(________ _______) connects the anode and the cathode and allows passage of electrons, generated at the anode, to the cathode.

A

Return Path (metallic pathway)

29
Q

5 Factors that affect the rate of corrosion

A
  • Oxygen
  • Temperature
  • Chemical salts
  • Humidity and pollutants
  • Acid gases
30
Q

Common tools used to control corrosion?

A
  1. Design
  2. Inhibitors
  3. Material selection
  4. Cathodic protection
  5. Protective coatings
  6. Alteration of the environment
31
Q

The general duties of an inspector are:

A
  1. Observe
  2. Test
  3. Verify conformance to specification
  4. Report
32
Q

A coating inspector should be able to use simple________ ___________.

A

Inspection equipment

33
Q

The coating inspector’s responsibilities are:

A
  1. To perform as part of an effective team
  2. To ensure that the project specification is followed as written or formally amended
  3. To document the results
34
Q

While on a job site, Inspectors should observe:

A
  1. The job site for safety issues that may affect themselves or the contractor
  2. The weather conditions; observe, monitor and document
  3. The surface preparation
  4. Coating cure prior to return to service
35
Q

Reference standard inspectors responsibilities are to

A

Obtain, study, and become familiar with each and every part of the standard and it’s relationship to the project

36
Q

Corrosion is the _________ of a material usually a_______, because of a________ with its environment

A

Deterioration, metal, reaction

37
Q

Four elements of a corrosion cell.

A
  1. Anode
  2. Cathode
  3. Metallic path
  4. Electrolyte
38
Q

The anode __________ in the electrolyte.

A

Dissolves

39
Q

The two broad classifications for curing mechanisms are

A
  • Non-convertible
  • Convertible
40
Q

Types of adhesion

A
  1. Chemical
  2. Mechanical
  3. Polar
  4. A combination of all three
41
Q

List two nonconvertible coating types

A
  1. Vinyl
  2. Latex

Nonconvertible coatings cure by evaporation of the solvent.

42
Q

Convertible coatings cure by one of several polymerization mechanisms even when solvent evaporation is also involved.

A
  1. Oxidation
  2. Co-reaction
  3. Hydrolysis
  4. Fusion
43
Q

Characteristics of oxidation cure coatings

A
  1. Cannot withstand an alkaline environment due to the reaction of akaline materials with the oil portion of the resin (saponification)
  2. Excessive film build up may stop curing of the lower portion of the coating film
  3. Unsuitable for merchant service
  4. Cures by reaction with atmospheric oxygen
44
Q

Co-reaction coatings cure by polymerization reactions between two chemical entities. Examples of co-reaction coatings include:

A
  1. Epoxy
  2. Polyurethanes
  3. Polyurea
  4. Polysoxanes
  5. Polyaspartics
45
Q

Induction time

A

The amount of time after mixing two parts before applying paint to give the time for reaction

46
Q

What is the main requirement for hydrolysis coating to cure?

A

Some amount of water to complete the cure

47
Q

Oil based coating applied over alkaline surfaces may result in

A

Saponification

48
Q

Formal sections usually contained in a good specification

A
  1. Scope of the work
  2. Terms and definitions
  3. Reference standards and codes
  4. Safety
  5. Pre Job conference
  6. Surface preparation
  7. Coating materials including the coating schedule
  8. Sampling coatings
  9. Workmanship
  10. Application
  11. Work schedule
  12. Repairs and remedial coating work
  13. Inspection
  14. Documentation
49
Q

Components of a coating added in small amounts to perform a specific function are called _________.

A

Additives

50
Q

Process in which the similar molecules cling together due to attractive forces

A

Adhesion

51
Q

A coating that has a high resistance to permeation of liquids and or gases or is applied over previously coated surface to prevent damage to the underlying coating during subsequent handling

A

Barrier coatings

52
Q

Nonvolatile portion of the vehicle of a formulated coating material

A

Binder

53
Q

A pigment that passivates the metal surface by forming a thin, tightly adherent film or by reinforcing and plugging defects in the natural air formed film

A

Inhibitive pigment

54
Q

Coatings who’s binders are made from nonliving things, most commonly based on either silicone or silicates are said to be _________.

A

Inorganic

55
Q

Coatings who’s binders are made from living or once living things

A

Organic coatings

56
Q

A _______ is a discrete particulate solid used to impart specific properties to the coating in the liquid and solid state.

A

Pigment

57
Q

Why is pigment added

A
  1. Impart color
  2. Protect binder from weathering
  3. Provide inhibitor protection
  4. Control water resistance
  5. Provide a form of cathodic protection
  6. Modify mechanical or electrical properties
58
Q

A ___________ coating uses a metal that is anodic to steel and which corrodes preferentially.

A

Sacrificial

59
Q

________ are added to coatings to liquefy the binder and allow for application in a productive manner

A

Solvents

60
Q

_______ ___ are primarily polymeric derivatives of acrylic and methacrylic acid.

A

Acrylic resins

Acrylic coatings have excellent weathering and UV resistance and in some cases resistance to splash and spill of certain acids.

61
Q

The coating specification tells the contractor ….

A

What to do and where to do it but does not tell how to do it.

62
Q

Inspector Responsibility - Coating materials

A
  • Only specified materials are used
  • Ensure proper storage conditions
  • Observe and record pot life and induction/sweat-in times
  • Know volume of solids
  • Ensure and record wet and dry-film thickness and allowable tolerances
  • Know dry and recoat times
  • Know proper cure time.
63
Q

Inspectors Responsibility - Job Site

A
  • Walk-through to become familiar with the surroundings
  • Identify items to be coated or left un-coated
  • Obtain maps or drawings that would be helpful
64
Q

Inspectors Responsibility - Safety

A
  1. You are responseible for your own safety first
  2. Safety enforcement is NOT my job
  3. Be knowledgeable enough to recognize safety violations
  4. Report all safety violations immediately to the proper personnel
  5. Be aware of any hazardous substances associated with the job site
65
Q

Inspectors Responsibility - Pre-job Conference

A
  • Study the specification before the meeting
  • Have a crystal clear understanding of specification
  • Be aware of any modifications or waivers
  • What is your AUTHORITY on the job.
66
Q

Inspectors Responsibility - Sampling of Coatings

A

Select samples at random, ensure coatings are thoroughly mixed, proper sample amount, label the sample container as specified (preprinted or know who to send them to directly)…. dry or wet (clarify at pre-job meeting)

67
Q

Inspectors Responsibility - Workmanship

A
  • Have the latest copy of manufacturers instructions
  • Clarify performance expectations at pre-job meeting
  • Document and report unacceptable work.
68
Q

Inspectors Responsibility - Work Schedule

A
  • Understand the work schedule (which item first, etc)
  • Ensure job is done in the manner outlined by the contractor and approved by the owner
  • Inspect at the specified intervals
  • Prepare and submit the reports as specified
69
Q

Inspectors Responsibility - Repair work

A
  • Ensure areas to be repaired are clearly marked and the coating surface properly prepared (clarify what will be used to mark repairs)
  • Monitor the number of repair coats applied
  • Observe re-coat times and check the WFT and DFT as specified
    Document the work

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