CIK (197-256) EXHIBITS/SCENES

Question 1

197) An appreciation is the mental process, the written plan:

a) Is primarily for use in discussion or briefing events with colleagues and supervisors
b) Shows that investigator has done their job thoroughly and knows their responsibilities
c) Records decision making and shows why a certain course of action was decided

Answer 1

c) Records decision making and shows why a certain course of action was decided

A written appreciation provides a record of decision making and shows why a certain course of action was taken. A written appreciation should be completed when:
* There are several points to be considered and there is a danger of points being overlooked if they are not written down
* A clear picture of the situation is desired to present a logical argument that will carry conviction to a higher authority.

In the short note form, a written appreciation need only contain sufficient detail to ensure all relevant deductions may be made from it. Therefore, the amount that is written is the result of balancing the need for brevity with the requirement to include all data pertinent to the problem (p11)

Question 2

198) Which statement best describes hypotheses and why you might use them?

a) Hypotheses are the product of creative thinking. They are used to verify the collection of evidential material
b) Hypotheses suggest explanations for a group of facts. They can be used to generate lines of inquiry
c) Hypotheses suggest explanations for a group of facts. They are used to support the interpretation of evidence

Answer 2

b) Hypotheses suggest explanations for a group of facts. They can be used to generate lines of inquiry

Hypothesis is defined as ‘a suggested explanation for a group of facts either accepted as a basis for further verification or accepted as likely to be true’

Although the investigative mindset draws heavily on logical, ordered thinking (i.e. so what?), hypothesising is a form of creative thinking that lets you look at the knowledge held in another way.

There may be occasions, however, when the amount of material available does not readily identify the action that can be taken to further the investigation. In such cases hypotheses can help to regain the momentum of the investigation by generating new lines of inquiry. (p24)

Question 3

199) Appreciation technique, what is a factor?

a) An actual event that must be taken into consideration.
b) A statement of truth about a known influence or circumstance.
c) A consideration of something that is known or assumed.

Answer 3

b) A statement of truth about a known influence or circumstance.

A factor is a statement of truth about some known influence or circumstance (p9)

Question 4

200) Which words best describe the Appreciation technique?

a) A four step process to identify problems and find appropriate solutions.
b) A four step problem solving process that informs decision making.
c) A four-step process that is written down, not committed to memory.

Answer 4

b) A four-step problem solving process that informs decision making.

The Appreciation Technique is a cognitive tool commonly used by investigators to take a disciplined approach to their decision making. The technique is instigated when the investigator identifies a question arising from a problem, issue or situation. It involves four steps: aim or objective, factors, courses open, plan (p9)

Question 5

201) Which of the following statements best describes an investigative mind-set?

a) The knowledge and skills that that investigator develops overtime mostly through on the job learning with a good mentor.
b) A principled approach to the way investigators examine material and make appropriate and reasonable decisions.
c) A state of mind or attitude which is demonstrated through investigative knowledge and skills and continuously asking “so what”

Answer 5

b) A principled approach to the way investigators examine material and make appropriate and reasonable decisions.

An investigative mindset is an attitude or state of mind that investigators adopt and develop over time. The values of respect, integrity and professionalism are inherent in the mindset (p12)

Although the investigative mindset draws heavily on logical, ordered thinking (i.e. so what?), hypothesising is a form of creative thinking that lets you look at the knowledge held in another way (p24)

Question 6

202) What is meant by an investigator’s ‘working rules’?

a) The investigation rules that are known but not always applied.
b) The knowledge and skills learnt from investigator experience
c) The rules set down in the NZP Police Code of Conduct.

Answer 6

b) The knowledge and skills learnt from investigator experience

Working rules provide a ‘how we do things around here’ framework. The framework then guides an investigators understanding of the situations they face and the material they need to gather.

The range of working rules that investigators have depends on their personal working experience. Consequently, their ability to make decisions may be limited by the extent of their experience and the degree to which they are able to adapt their experiences to any given situation (p6)

Question 7

203) What are the sequential steps of the Appreciation technique?

a) Aim, factors, courses open, plan
b) Aim, plan, factors, courses open
c) Aim, courses open, plan, record

Answer 7

a) Aim, factors, courses open, plan

The Appreciation Technique is a cognitive tool commonly used by investigators to take a disciplined approach to their decision making. The technique is instigated when the investigator identifies a question arising from a problem, issue or situation. It involves four steps: aim or objective, factors, courses open, plan (p9

Question 8

204) For any investigation you should aim to collect:

a) The maximum amount of material and examine for its use
b) Evidence first then look for information and intelligence
c) Only material that you know is relevant and admissible.

Answer 8

a) The maximum amount of material and examine for its use

The key differences between investigative and evidential evaluation are that during an investigative evaluation all available material is evaluated even though it may not be evidentially admissible. (p20)

Question 9

205) Constables Jenkins and Tuigamala respond to a P1 home invasion where the victim says the offender has entered and exited through the door into the backyard and absconded over the fence into a neighbouring property. To protect the collection of forensic evidence they cordon the scene and establish a common entry pathway via:

a) The front door through which the constables entered
b) A small gateway opening to the next door property
c) Double glass doors to the deck at the rear of the house

Answer 9

idk

Question 10

206) Primary transfer occurs when:

a) The O/C initial party hands over scene control to O/C case
b) There is direct transfer of material between one party and another
c) There is indirect transfer of material between a party and another

Answer 10

b) There is direct transfer of material between one party and another

Question 11

207) The Hot zone in a serious crime scene can be described as the part of the scene where scene examiners:

a) Conduct forensic analysis of items in the material collection
b) Reconstruct the scene and formulate a forensic strategy
c) Search for, uplift and package items for exhibits and analysis

Answer 11

c) Search for, uplift and package items for exhibits and analysis

Hot zone: that part of the crime scene most requiring examination and evidence collection.

Warm zone: a transition zone to enable scene examiners to put on and take off protective clothing, access equipment and process exhibits

Cold zone: a place within the outer cordon for meetings, meals, scene guards etc.

Question 12

208) The Warm zone can be described as a place inside the scene cordon where:

a) Forensic material is identified, retrieved and examined
b) Exhibits are processed by a crime scene team member
c) The O/C scene briefs the examination team members

Answer 12

b) Exhibits are processed by a crime scene team member

Hot zone: that part of the crime scene most requiring examination and evidence collection.

Warm zone: a transition zone to enable scene examiners to put on and take off protective clothing, access equipment and process exhibits

Cold zone: a place within the outer cordon for meetings, meals, scene guards etc.

Question 13

209) The warm zone in a serious crime scene is a transition zone to enable scene examiners to:

a) Put on and take off protective clothing
b) Examine and photograph exhibits
c) Clean equipment to be used in the hot zone

Answer 13

a) Put on and take off protective clothing

The warm zone has the following functions:
* Transition area
* Wash-up station and rubbish bins
* Designated areas for examiner’s own protective clothing and equipment
* Exhibit transit and processing area
* Exhibit examination and photography
* Secondary warm zones

Question 14

210) If the O/C Initial Action party locates an item they believe is going to rapidly deteriorate, the best course of action is to:

a) take immediate action to preserve the item.
b) notify the O/C Investigation and await further instructions.
c) leave it insitu and await arrival of a photographer.

Answer 14

a) take immediate action to preserve the item.

VAWSEEPO:
* Victim: identify and locate the victim
* Appreciation: make an initial appreciation of the incident. Assess personal risk and then preserve the lives of others
* Witnesses: locate and contain witnesses
* Scene: preserve the scene
* Exhibits: note evidence and preserve any that would otherwise be lost or destroyed
* Elements: consider whether the ingredients of the alleged offence have been established
* Powers: identify what powers are available and consider whether to execute them
* Offenders: identify and apprehend suspect(s)

Question 15

211) Which of the following actions is one way of preventing post incident cross contamination of a victim of a serious assault:

a) Ensuring different officers interview the victim and suspect.
b) Transporting the victim and offender in the same vehicle.
c) Taking photos of the victim as soon as possible.

Answer 15

a) Ensuring different officers interview the victim and suspect.

Question 16

212) The initial action party at the scene of a serious crime must work quickly to:

a) Collect sufficient information to brief the O/C scene.
b) Remove people from the scene to reduce further contamination
c) Establish hot, warm and cold zone.

Answer 16

b) Remove people from the scene to reduce further contamination

Question 17

213) Which of the following statements describes when contamination occurs?

a) The movement of exhibits is not recorded in the exhibit register.
b) Many people enter and leave the scene.
c) The crime scene is doused in continuous rain

Answer 17

b) Many people enter and leave the scene.

Question 18

214) A search is a part of most crime scene examinations. Adopting a search pattern assists to:

a) Prevent destroying or contaminating any possible evidence
b) Use staff efficiently to maximise the material collection
c) Examine the scene in a thorough and controlled manner

Answer 18

c) Examine the scene in a thorough and controlled manner

Question 19

215) The “Golden hour” concept refers to the time when

a) Forensic specialists examine and uplift scene exhibits
b) Evidential material is more readily available at a crime scene
c) The offender is quickly located, questioned and arrested

Answer 19

b) Evidential material is more readily available at a crime scene

Question 20

216) If you are a member of an initial action team at the scene of a suspicious death and a medical officer confirms the victim is deceased, then you must secure the scene and:

a) Do not touch or move the body unless absolutely necessary
b) Protect the victim’s dignity by covering or arranging the body
c) Mark the position of the body and arrange for the undertaker

Answer 20

a) Do not touch or move the body unless absolutely necessary

Question 21

217) The I car is first to the scene of a serious crash incident where 2 people in one car are injured and trapped. The constables’ first duty is to:

a) Ensure the crash scene is a safe as possible
b) Establish a pathway into and out of the scene
c) Assess the injured people and give first aid

Answer 21

a) Ensure the crash scene is a safe as possible

Question 22

218) The O/C initial action party could decide to immediately uplift an item from a scene of a serious crime when the item:

a) Will distress the victim’s family should they see it
b) Cannot be protected from the elements and will deteriorate
c) Is illegal and can be confiscated immediately without warrant

Answer 22

b) Cannot be protected from the elements and will deteriorate

Question 23

219) When packaging an exhibit in a windowed paper bag or Kleensak you must:

a) Fold over the top of the bag 2-3 times and seal with tape
b) Close the bag with tape and then staple to secure
c) Close the bag with ties so that contents are accessible

Answer 23

a) Fold over the top of the bag 2-3 times and seal with tape

Question 24

220) How should a waterlogged multi-paged document be packaged for delivery to the Document Examiner?

a) Seal the wet document in an airtight container or bag
b) Allow it to dry naturally before placing in a sealed bag
c) Place the wet document in a plastic bag and leave open

Answer 24

a) Seal the wet document in an airtight container or bag

Question 25

221) Which of the following tasks is not the responsibility of an exhibits officer?

a) Prepare exhibits in the best manner for display to the court
b) Manage the receipt, control and storage of all exhibits
c) Establish the relevance of the exhibit to the enquiry

Answer 25

c) Establish the relevance of the exhibit to the enquiry

Question 26

222) In which zone would Police first photograph material?
a) Hot
b) Warm
c) Cold

Answer 26

a) Hot

Question 27

223) During crime scene examination you find a small amount of a dry substance in a jar. To determine if it is to be collected for analysis you can:

a) Smell and taste the substance.
b) Roll it on your fingertips and sniff it.
c) Examine it with gloved hands.

Answer 27

c) Examine it with gloved hands.

Question 28

224) If you are first at the scene where a body has been found your first response must be to:

a) Check for signs of life and render assistance accordingly.
b) Ensure the scene is safe to enter.
c) Mark the position of the body on the ground.

Answer 28

b) Ensure the scene is safe to enter.

Question 29

225) A victim of a sexual assault is transported in the same police vehicle as the offender is later in the day. What is this this called?

a) Loss of evidence
b) Deterioration
c) Cross-contamination

Answer 29

c) Cross-contamination

Question 30

226) A common approach path to and from the crime scene is established to:

a) Control access to the scene to prevent contamination.
b) Keep records of all people who enter and exit the scene.
c) Show where the scene examination zones are located.

Answer 30

a) Control access to the scene to prevent contamination.

Question 31

227) Contamination of DNA evidence is a real risk. The minimum standard of protective clothing to be worn by everybody entering a scene is:

a) Gloves and masks.
b) Masks and booties.
c) Gloves and booties.

Answer 31

a) Gloves and masks.

Question 32

228) The purpose of an initial reconnaissance by the first on the scene officers at a serious crime scene is to:

a) Generate a valid theory about the offender’s location.
b) Inform COMMs who is required for the scene examination
c) Survey the scene to establish the action required to secure

Answer 32

c) Survey the scene to establish the action required to secure

Question 33

229) Male A dances with Female B, who is wearing a blue jersey, and he gets blue fibres on his top. Later on that night Male A dances with Female C and some of the blue fibres are transferred to her shirt. Which of the following is an example of primary transfer?

a) Female B and Female C
b) Male A and Female B
c) Male A and Female C

Answer 33

b) Male A and Female B

Question 34

230) If you are first at the scene where a body has been found then you must secure the scene and:

a) Do not touch the body under any circumstances.
b) Check for signs of life and render assistance accordingly.
c) Mark the position of the body and arrange for the undertaker.

Answer 34

b) Check for signs of life and render assistance accordingly.

Question 35

231) The correct method to collect a dry blood sample at a crime scene is to:

a) Add sterile water to the blood then gently rub with dry swab
b) Dampen swab with sterile water then gently rub the blood
c) Dab blood with dry swab then sterile water to the swab

Answer 35

b) Dampen swab with sterile water then gently rub the blood

Question 36

232) When making a reconstruction of a crime scene you must remember to:

a) Delay your reconstruction until all facts are established.
b) Revise your construction as new facts are obtained.
c) Always start at your initial point of entry to the scene.

Answer 36

b) Revise your construction as new facts are obtained.

Question 37

233) You locate a pile of wet documents at a scene and want to forward them to the document examiner. The correct procedure is:

a) Seal in an airtight container or bag and forward the wet documents to the examiner.
b) Carefully separate the pages for drying and then when dry place each page in a plastic sleeves before forwarding for examination.
c) Dry the pile of documents before sealing in an envelope and forward for examination.

Answer 37

a) Seal in an airtight container or bag and forward the wet documents to the examiner.

Question 38

234) Because deleted images can very easily be recovered from digital camera, the guidelines direct:

a) Digital cameras are assigned to a named position or employee
b) The image taker should regularly reformat the camera
c) The image taker must promptly delete the images in the camera

Answer 38

a) Digital cameras are assigned to a named position or employee

Question 39

235) Care must be taken when placing stepping plates in the Hot zone because they:

a) May conceal or change evidence in the scene.
b) Can only be placed on a nonslip surface.
c) Are heavy and not easy to manoeuvre.

Answer 39

a) May conceal or change evidence in the scene.

Question 40

236) COMMS will assist with serious scene coordination by contacting forensic specialists required. As a general rule, which forensic specialist will be called first to attend the scene?

a) A SOCO or Fingerprint expert
b) An ESR scientist
c) A photographer

Answer 40

a) A SOCO or Fingerprint expert

Question 41

237) The best practice motto for crime scene initial action is Freeze, Guard, Control, and Preserve?

a) the witnesses
b) the evidence
c) the chain of custody

Answer 41

b) the evidence

Question 42

238) Evidential Material, in relation to a particular offence, means evidence of the offence or any other item, tangible or intangible, of relevance to the investigation of the offence. A tangible item that could be evidential material is:

a) Online banking records
b) A locked iPhone
c) Image library in cell phone

Answer 42

b) A locked iPhone

Question 43

239) ‘Chain of evidence’ refers to:

a) The forensic material collected to support the prosecution case
b) The order in which exhibits are presented by the prosecution
c) The official record of exhibit collection, security and movement

Answer 43

c) The official record of exhibit collection, security and movement

Question 44

240) Ensuring the admissibility of forensic evidence presented to the court requires understanding of which of the following groups of words:

a) persistence, contaminate, inference, secure
b) relevance, oppression, veracity, reliability
c) contaminate, relevance, integrity, security

Answer 44

c) contaminate, relevance, integrity, security

Question 45

241) An exhibits envelope should be securely packaged by:

a) Closing the edges with staples and then sealing with tape.
b) Taping the opening edges and securing with staples.
c) Tape sealing all edges and signing across the tape.

Answer 45

c) Tape sealing all edges and signing across the tape.

Question 46

242) The O/C initial action party is responsible for effectively briefly and conducting handover to an O/C Scene on their arrival at a serious crime scene. What information is essential to the integrity of the crime scene examination?

a) All known details relating to the offender’s movements.
b) Records of notebook entries, observations and witness details.
c) Details of any post incident movement in the crime scene.

Answer 46

c) Details of any post incident movement in the crime scene.

Question 47

243) When you need to remove a wet exhibit from a crime scene, how should you transport it to the police station?

a) Uplift and secure in an unsealed paper bag or kleensak.
b) Uplift and secure and seal exhibit in a clean plastic bag.
c) Uplift and secure in a clean and unsealed plastic bag.

Answer 47

IDK

Question 48

244) Ensuring that the continuity of the ‘Chain of evidence’ is maintained refers to the specific duties of the:

a) O/C investigation
b) ESR scene examiner
c) Exhibit officer

Answer 48

c) Exhibit officer

Question 49

245) All material gathered during an investigation should be evaluated through the filters of:

a) Relevance, reliability, admissibility
b) Fact, assumption, hearsay
c) Corroboration, accuracy, fairness

Answer 49

a) Relevance, reliability, admissibility

Question 50

246) A women dances with a man, Male A, who is wearing a red jersey and she gets red fibres on her top. Late in the evening she dances with another man Male B and some of the red fibres are transferred to the shirt of that man. The scenario is an example of secondary transfer between:

a) Male A and Male B
b) The women and Male B
c) The women and Male A

Answer 50

b) The women and Male B

Question 51

247) Evidence is improperly obtained if it is:

a) Obtained from a suspect after arrest.
b) Obtained from an unreliable witness.
c) Obtained unfairly or unlawfully.

Answer 51

c) Obtained unfairly or unlawfully.

Question 52

248) You are required to take some crime scene photographs as the Police photographer is unavailable. You are aware that the crime scene has been altered and several exhibits moved. You should:

a) Return exhibits to their original location and then take photographs.
b) Only take photos of the specific exhibits as the crime scene itself is contaminated.
c) Photograph it in its new state.

Answer 52

c) Photograph it in its new state.

Question 53

249) The initial action party at the scene of a serious crime must work quickly to:

a) Uplift specific items of interest within the scene (e.g. weapons)
b) Conduct interviews with all witnesses present at the scene
c) Cordon the area to prevent any person entering the scene

Answer 53

c) Cordon the area to prevent any person entering the scene

Question 54

250) In a forensic sense, what does persistence refer to?

a) The length of time biological material can be detected following a crime
b) The way in which biological material adheres to a surface
c) The nature of the procedures undertaken by forensic specialists

Answer 54

a) The length of time biological material can be detected following a crime

Question 55

251) Which of the following tasks is the responsibility of the exhibits officer at a serious crime scene?

a) Managing the receipt, control and storage of all exhibits.
b) Establishing the relevance of an exhibit to the enquiry.
c) Analysing exhibits for forensic material.

Answer 55

a) Managing the receipt, control and storage of all exhibits.

Question 56

252) The hot zone in a serious crime is best described as:

a) a zone where scene guards record movements of staff to and from the scene
b) a zone where forensic analysis of exhibits takes place
c) that part of the scene requiring examination and evidence collection

Answer 56

c) that part of the scene requiring examination and evidence collection

Question 57

253) When taking digital images of a crime scene yourself, you must start an audit trail recording the details of the images in your notebook. What details must be recorded?

a) date, time and file number range
b) date, time and location
c) date, file number range and camera make and mode

Answer 57

b) date, time and location

Question 58

254) Entomology is the science of studying:

a) Insects
b) DNA
c) Fingerprints

Answer 58

a) Insects

Question 59

255) The decontamination zone model is used at a scene of a major crime because:

a) The scene will contain both biological and physical evidence
b) The forensic evidence it contains is contaminated
c) The scene requires a search plan that ensures close scrutiny

Answer 59

c) The scene requires a search plan that ensures close scrutiny

Question 60

256) Think about the definition of a crime scene and select the situation most likely to lead to cross contamination?

a) When the material in a scene is altered by strong sunlight
b) When scene equipment is re-used without cleaning
c) When an examiner wears protective clothing but no mask

Answer 60

b) When scene equipment is re-used without cleaning