CIC test 1 Flashcards
APIC
Prior to designated surgical procedures, current guidelines for use of prophylactic antibiotics state that antibiotics are BEST given:
A. within 30 minutes prior to the incision
B. with in 2 hours prior to the incision
C. to achieve a bactericidal level in serum and tissue at the time of the incision
D. to achieve a constant therapeutic level throughout the intraoperative period
Prior to designated surgical procedures, current guidelines for use of prophylactic antibiotics state that antibiotics are BEST given:
to achieve a bactericidal level in serum and tissue at the time of the incision
In an outbreak of hepatitis A, immune globulin (IG) was administered to close contacts of the cases. The control measure is an example of:
A. pre-exposed prophylaxis
B. passive immunization
C. activity immunization
D. producing herd immunity
In an outbreak of hepatitis A, immune globulin (IG) was administered to close contacts of the cases. The control measure is an example of:
passive immunization
A medical director is concerned that a facility is seeing an increased number of patients infected with hepatitis A virus (HAV). The ICP/IP is asked to review HAV infection rates. The ICP/IP should focus on HAV:
A. cases reported to the Public Health department in the prior year
B. incidence rates reported in facility risk groups, such as Pediatrics and HIV clinics.
C. current prevalence data in the community served by the facility
D. attack rates in the facilities in other geographic locations
A medical director is concerned that a facility is seeing an increased number of patients infected with hepatitis A virus (HAV). The ICP/IP is asked to review HAV infection rates. The ICP/IP should focus on HAV:
current prevalence data in the community served by the facility
- Guidelines for transporting specimens include:
1) Transport within 2 hours of collecting a specimen.
2) Transport in leak proof specimen containers and sealable leak proof bags.
3) Transport specimen in the syringe used to collect it.
4) Refrigerate all specimens prior to transport
a. 1,4; b. 2,3: c. 1,2: d. 3,4
C. 1,2 The appropriate selection, collection and transport of specimens to the diagnostic microbiology lab are essential parts in the accurate id of microorganisms.
- A patient who was hospitalized for 2 days calls 3 days after discharge complaining that he has developed Healthcare associated scabies due to his recent inpatient stay. The IP know that his scabies infestation is not HA because:
a. Scabies is only transmitted through contaminated linens.
b. The incubation period for scabies is longer than 5 days.
c. The incubation period for scabies is shorter than 3 days.
d. Scabies is only transmitted through direct contact and none of the Health care personnel who cared for the patient are infected.
B. The incubation period for scabies is longer than 5 days. APIC - Parasites.
An IP would like to compare a hosptial’s Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) surgical wound infection rate to the NHSN system stratum surgical site rate. Which of the following tests should be performed?
A. Use a Z-test to compare procedure risk stratum-specific wound infection rates.
B. use a T-test to compare procedure risk stratum-specific wound infection rates.
C. perform a Z-test. Calculate and compare risk stratum-specific surgical wound infection rates for all operations pooled.
D. perform a T-test. Calculate and compare risk startum-specific surgical wound infection rates for all operations pooled
An IP would like to compare a hosptial’s Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) surgical wound infection rate to the NHSN system stratum surgical site rate. Which of the following tests should be performed?
Use a Z-test to compare procedure risk stratum-specific wound infection rates.
The manufacturer of an antibacterial soap has reported the isolation of Burkholderia cepacia in one lot of the soap. The soap had been evaluated and approved by the product evaluation committee 1 year ago and is currently in use in the acute care, extended care, and ambulatory care clinics. The IP should:
A. culture the soap of involved lots in use to confirm contamination
B. notify the purchasing department to initiate removal of the soap and order from another company
C. identify where the antibacterial soap is in use and stored, check the lot numbers, and return those to the manufacturer
D. screen the patients and employees for evidence of skin irritation.
The manufacturer of an antibacterial soap has reported the isolation of Burkholderia cepacia in one lot of the soap. The soap had been evaluated and approved by the product evaluation committee 1 year ago and is currently in use in the acute care, extended care, and ambulatory care clinics. The IP should:
identify where the antibacterial soap is in use and stored, check the lot numbers, and return those to the manufacturer
Several patients who have undergone surgery in the past month have developed a post operative wound infection. Data indicate there are no common sources for the infections (e.g., different sites, different wound classifications, different ASA scores, different surgeons, different operating rooms, different days). Given these data, the IP should:
A. examine the operating room cleaning schedule.
B. conduct intensive surveillance in the operating room for 2 weeks.
C. review surgical antibiotic prophylaxis.
D. report this to the Chief of Surgery
Answer: review surgical antibiotic prophylaxis
A patient is identified with Mycobacterium tuberculosis 6 days after admission. Antituberculous therapy is started immediately. The case manager contacts an IP for assistance in identifying appropriate patient needs for discharge planning purposes. Which of the following statements is MOST appropriate?
A. the patient should remain in airborne isolation until he has received 2 weeks of four-drug therapy. Directly observed therapy should be arranged before discharge
B. the patient may be discharged to home or a subacute care facility as soon as a sputum AFB smear becomes negative
C. if the patient requires long-term care placement, the receiving facility must have airborne isolation capabilities if discharged before receieving effective therapy and 3 consecutive negative AFB smears
D. the patient can be discharged as soon as fever has resolved. If additionsl care is required the Public Health Authorities should be contacted.
A patient is identified with Mycobacterium tuberculosis 6 days after admission. Antituberculous therapy is started immediately. The case manager contacts an IP for assistance in identifying appropriate patient needs for discharge planning purposes. Which of the following statements is MOST appropriate?
if the patient requires long-term care placement, the receiving facility must have airborne isolation capabilities if discharged before receieving effective therapy and 3 consecutive negative AFB smears
The rate of complice with central line insertion protocols in the operating room is 45%. The operating room supervisor requests that the IP provide a review program for the staff. Which of the following is the NEXT step in providing this training?
A. provide reference documents regarding the protocols.
B. establish goals and objectives for the program.
C. present a program to the operating room employees.
D. outline the information to be covered in the program
The rate of complice with central line insertion protocols in the operating room is 45%. The operating room supervisor requests that the IP provide a review program for the staff. Which of the following is the NEXT step in providing this training?
establish goals and objectives for the program.
Which of the following observations noted by the IP during routine environmental inspections is an appropriate practice?
A. Using isolation gowns not longer than duration of shift
B. Patient care staff cleaning infusion pumps between patients
C. High-level disinfection of eating utensils of patient in droplet precautions
D. Direct care provider using alcohol-hand gel on fingers of casted hand
Which of the following observations noted by the IP during routine environmental inspections is an appropriate practice?
Patient care staff cleaning infusion pumps between patients
The best evidence-based published research studies are:
A. case-control studies
B. randomized clinical studies
C. cross-sectional studies
D. cohort studies
The best evidence-based published research studies are:
case-control studies
One major advantage of collecting surveillance data retrospectively is that:
A. it enhances syndromic survillance
B. the effectiveness of interventions can be assessed
C. the medical record is more likely to be complete
D. it is easier to identify an outbreak
One major advantage of collecting surveillance data retrospectively is that:
the medical record is more likely to be complete
Occupational health srevices is discussing with an ICP/IP that 15 employees with a diarrhea - like lillness had eaten in the cafeteria within the last 4 days. As part of the follow-up, which of the following should be done FIRST?
A. observe food handling practices of dietary personnel
B. interview employees to identify common food history
C. report symptoms to the Public Health department
D. ask the dietary manager if any department employees are ill
Occupational health srevices is discussing with an ICP/IP that 15 employees with a diarrhea - like lillness had eaten in the cafeteria within the last 4 days. As part of the follow-up, which of the following should be done FIRST?
report symptoms to the Public Health department
An investigation at a hospital reveals a statistically significant increase in the quarterly incidence of medication errors. Such a finding is an example of:
A. proof of association
B. rejection of the null hypothesis
C. acceptance of the null hypothesis
D. error in the medication administration record
An investigation at a hospital reveals a statistically significant increase in the quarterly incidence of medication errors. Such a finding is an example of:
rejection of the null hypothesis
A 17 year old patient is hospitalized with Listeria monocytogenes menigitis. Which of the following employees is an appropriate candidate for antibiotic prophylaxis?
A. intensive care unit nurse who suctioned the patient
B. pregnant laboratory technician who obtained blood specimens
C. physician who perfromed a lumbar puncture
D. prophylaxis is not necessary
A 17 year old patient is hospitalized with Listeria monocytogenes menigitis. Which of the following employees is an appropriate candidate for antibiotic prophylaxis?
prophylaxis is not necessary
An IP is reviewing the basic principles to be followed in writing instructional objectives. Which of the following verbs is MOST appropriate for stating a behavioral objective?
A. understand
B. appreciate
C. know
D. define
An IP is reviewing the basic principles to be followed in writing instructional objectives. Which of the following verbs is MOST appropriate for stating a behavioral objective?
define
A characteristic typically shared by adult learners is a:
A. perference to gain academic knowledge
B. need to be acquire new material
C. tendency to become more group-oriented
D. desire to attach greater value to personal experience
A characteristic typically shared by adult learners is a:
desire to attach greater value to personal experience
To prevent the spread of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO) in an extended-care facility, which of the following is recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention?
A. screen residents on admission
B. use standard precautions for residents
C. restrict residents’ admission with acute infection
D. cohort residents with MDRO for meals and social activity
To prevent the spread of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO) in an extended-care facility, which of the following is recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention?
use standard precautions for residents
An IP has been asked to investigate the epidemiological link among six ICU patients who developed acute respiratory illness over a 2-week period. The respiratory illness developed 24 to 72 hours post-aortofemoral bypass surgery. The FIRST action the IP should take is to:
A. Verify the diagnosis
B. Search for additional cases
C. Establish a hypothesis
D. Collect specimens
An IP has been asked to investigate the epidemiological link among six ICU patients who developed acute respiratory illness over a 2-week period. The respiratory illness developed 24 to 72 hours post-aortofemoral bypass surgery. The FIRST action the IP should take is to:
Verify the diagnosis
A nursing unit has found to have six hospital-acquired urinary tract infections (UTIs) in the month of June. The census on the unit for the month of June is 100. During the month of April, there were 10 infections and a census of 150. During May, an in-service on preventing UTIs was presented by the IP. How is this change in the number of UTIs best interpreted.
A. The in-service resulted in a change in behavior, reducing the number of UTi’s
B. No conclusions can be obtained from this data
C. The change in UTIs is unrelated the in-service
D. The in-service caused a decrease in the number of UTIs
A nursing unit has found to have six hospital-acquired urinary tract infections (UTIs) in the month of June. The census on the unit for the month of June is 100. During the month of April, there were 10 infections and a census of 150. During May, an in-service on preventing UTIs was presented by the IP. How is this change in the number of UTIs best interpreted:
No conclusions can be obtained from this data
An IP is asked to review the sorting of non-regulated and regulated medical waste. Each patient room has a sharps container, a container for infectious waste, and a regular waste container. Medical tubing, a patient dressing and IV bags are being placed in the Infectious waste containers. Paper towels and gloves are being placed in the regular trash. The IP’s recommendations should result in:
A. Changing the procedure for waste handling to incorporate current practices
B. Reducing over-classification of regulated medical waste
C. Increasing capability of onsite reprocessing
D. Centralizing regulated medical waste in soiled utility rooms
An IP is asked to review the sorting of non-regulated and regulated medical waste. Each patient room has a sharps container, a container for infectious waste, and a regular waste container. Medical tubing, patient dressing and IV bags are being placed in the Infectious waste containers. Paper towels and gloves are being placed in the regular trash. The IP’s recommendations should result in:
Reducing over-classification of regulated medical waste
Based on the HICPAC Guidelines, a Category 1A means:
A. Strongly recommended and supported by clinical studies
B. Required for implementation for federal or state regulations
C. Suggested for implementation and supported by some studies
D. Suggested for implementation and supported by anecdotal citations
Based on the HICPAC Guidelines, a Category 1A means:
Strongly recommended and supported by clinical studies
A 45-year-old patient is admitted to the burn unit with burns over 60% of the body surface. All of the following procedures will reduce the risk of acquiring a healthcare-associated infection EXCEPT:
A. Ambulating the patient as soon as medically advisable
B. Performing frequent surgical and/or mechanical debridement
C. Increasing caloric and nutritional intake
D. Instructing personnel and visitors to use scrub suits when in the patient’s room
A 45-year-old patient is admitted to the burn unit with burns over 60% of the body surface. All of the following procedures will reduce the risk of acquiring a healthcare-associated infection EXCEPT:
D. Instructing personnel and visitors to use scrub suits when in the patient’s room
Which of the following procedures is most likely to reduce the risk of catheter-associated urinary tract infections?
A. decreasing the length of catheterization
B. anchoring catheter to prevent trauma
C. obtaining urine culture on admission
D. collecting urine samples from sampling port
Which of the following procedures is most likely to reduce the risk of catheter-associated urinary tract infections?
decreasing the length of catheterization
In order to perform interhospital comparison of bloodstream infections related to central line devices, the BEST denominator to use is:
A. patient days
B. number of patients with central lines
C. number of bloodstream infections
D. central line days
In order to perform interhospital comparison of bloodstream infections related to central line devices, the BEST denominator to use is:
central line days
Which of the following practices should the IP recommend to reduce financial cost without negatively impacting clinical outcomes?
A. CHG impregnated patches on all central lines inserted in the operating room
B. Antibiotic impregnated catheters for all central lines for cardiac surgery patients
C. Reducing the frequency of environmental cultures to monthly
D. Changing peripheral IV tubing, dressing, and site care every 96 hours
Which of the following practices should the IP recommend to reduce financial cost without negatively impacting clinical outcomes?
Changing peripheral IV tubing, dressing, and site care every 96 hours
In preparing a report on surgical site infections, the IP should expect the largest percentage of the chart to be surgical site infections:
A. occurring within the initial surgical hospitalization
B. with associated secondary bacteremia
C. identified post discharge
D. associated with inappropriate antibiotic prophylaxis
In preparing a report on surgical site infections, the IP should expect the largest percentage of the chart to be surgical site infections:
identified post discharge
Recent surveillance data show that the incidence of healthcare-associated Clostridium difficle has increased. Which of the following is MOST likely to be contributing to the transmission?
A. Use of plain soap for hand hygiene instead of antimicrobial soap
B. Use of yogurt diet for patients receiving antibiotics
C. An increase in asymptomatic carriers
D. Conversion from ear to rectal thermometers
Recent surveillance data show that the incidence of healthcare-associated Clostridium difficle has increased. Which of the following is MOST likely to be contributing to the transmission?
Conversion from ear to rectal thermometers
A laboratory reports to the IP a series of 10 consecutive respiratory tract specimens from different patients. Of the 10 samples, eight sputum smears are positive for acid-fast bacilli, and two bronchial lavage specimens are negative. Which of the following BEST explains this unusual finding?
A. Laboratory contamination
B. Contaminated staining agent
C. Cross-contamination during specimen collection
D. An outbreak of tuberculosis or a related organism
A laboratory reports to the IP a series of 10 consecutive respiratory tract specimens from different patients. Of the 10 samples, eight sputum smears are positive for acid-fast bacilli, and two bronchial lovage specimens are negative. Which of the following BEST explains this unusual finding?
Laboratory contamination
A team approach is used to control the spread of disease and prevent outbreaks. The infection prevetionist (IP) should consult Risk Management for serious concerns regarding:
A. pre-employment health assessments
B. adverse infectious outcomes related to a specific medical device
C. ethical dilemmas involving patients rights for persons placed in isolation.
D. infection prevention and control standards
A team approach is used to control the spread of disease and prevent outbreaks. The infection prevetionist (IP) should consult Risk Management for serious concerns regarding:
adverse infectious outcomes related to a specific medical device
When evaluating a computer software system, which of the following attributes would be MOST valuable?
A. the software does not integrate with a mainfram hospital system, ensuring confidentiality
B. the software is designed specifically for infection control and fixed data-entry codes and report formats, ensuring consistency
C. the software is user-friendly and versatile, allowing use by personnel with limited computer training
D. the software is produced by the company that manufactures the hospital’s mainframe system, allowing easy access to patient data.
When evaluating a computer software system, which of the following attributes would be MOST valuable?
the software is user-friendly and versatile, allowing use by personnel with limited computer training
An induration of 5 mm or greater is considered a positive tuberculin test reaction in:
A. persons who have fibrotic chest radiograph consistent with old TB
B. intravenous drug-users known to be HIV negative
C. persons with diabetes mellitus and chronic renal failure
D. migrant workers and homeless persons
An induration of 5 mm or greater is considered a positive tuberculin test reaction in:
persons who have fibrotic chest radiograph consistent with old TB
An ICP/IP has collected data concerning nosocomial urinary tract infections (UTIs) occurring in a cardiac surgery post operative care unit. The data are shown below:
Data. January. February. March
UTIs. 10. 20. 10
Catheter days. 100. 100. 100
Patient days. 300. 200. 280
Analysis of the data suggests that the UTI incidence is:
A. Similar in all months and further study is warranted at this time
B. Highest frequency in February, but since the number of catheter days is the same, no further study is warranted
C. Highest in February and may be a result of increased catheter use or duration and further study is warranted
D. Not important in cardiac surgery patients and further study is warranted to study median sternotomy wound infections
An ICP/IP has collected data concerning nosocomial urinary tract infections (UTIs) occurring in a cardiac surgery post operative care unit. The data are shown below:
Data. January. February. March
UTIs. 10. 20. 10
Catheter days. 100. 100. 100
Patient days. 300. 200. 280
Analysis of the data suggests that the UTI incidence is:
Highest in February and may be a result of increased catheter use or duration and further study is warranted
When developing an educational program, an IP should keep in mind that adults learn MOST effectively when:
A. internally motivated by personal need.
B. externally motivated by institutional mandate
C. participating in group activities
D. written materials are provided
When developing an educational program, an IP should keep in mind that adults learn MOST effectively when:
internally motivated by personal need.
Which of the following organisms is MOST likely to cause bacteremia in newborns?
A. group B streptococci
B. Haemophilus influenzae
C. group A streptococci
D. Listeria monocytogenes
Which of the following organisms is MOST likely to cause bacteremia in newborns?
group B streptococci
Infection Control receives the following from data from Employee Health for one month:
- 2 HCWs with positive TB skin tests
- 2 HCWs with needlestick injuries
- 12 HCWs on one unit exposed to chickenpox
What kind of data does this represent?
A. a prevalence rate
B. an incidence rate
C. targeted surveillance
D. random surveillance
Infection Control receives the following from data from Employee Health for one month:
- 2 HCWs with positive TB skin tests
- 2 HCWs with needlestick injuries
- 12 HCWs on one unit exposed to chickenpox
What kind of data does this represent?
targeted surveillance
An IP is consulted about an employee who intubated a patient with meningococcal meningitis in the emergency department. The employee was not wearing a mask. An acceptable antibiotic prophylaxis is:
A. ciprofloxacin
B. penicillin
C. cefazolin
D. trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
An IP is consulted about an employee who intubated a patient with meningococcal meningitis in the emergency department. The employee was not wearing a mask. An acceptable antibiotic prophylaxis is:
ciprofloxacin
A 23 year-old male is brought to the emergency department unconscious and unresponsive. Physical examination reveals a temperature of 103 degree F. (39 degrees C) and a blood pressure of 140/60 mm Hg. His neck is stiff. The cerebrospinal fluid is cloudy and contains 12,000 WBC/mm3 (12,000 x 10(9) /L) and 94% segmented neutrophils. A Gram stain of centrifuged cerebrospinal fluid reveals small Gram-negative bacilli. The MOST likely etiology agent is:
A. Listeria monocytogenes
B. Neisseria meningitidis
C. Haemophilus influenaze
D. Streptococcus pneumonia
A 23 year-old male is brought to the emergency department unconscious and unresponsive. Physical examination reveals a temperature of 103 degree F. (39 degrees C) and a blood pressure of 140/60 mm Hg. HIs neck is stiff. The cerebrospinal fluid is cloudy and contains 12,000 WBC/mm3 (12,000 x 10(9) /L) and 94% segmented neutrophils. A Gram stain of centrifuged cerebrospinal fluid reveals small Gram-negative bacilli. The MOST likely etiology agent is:
Haemophilus influenaze
A respiratory therapist cared for a patient with positive cytomegaloviris (CMV) IgM antibody. The therapist is 4 months pregnant and was treated for CMV antibodies 1 week afer exposure. The therapist’s CMV IgG was positive. Which of the following is a true statement regarding these results?
A. The therapist has a history of CMV infection
B. The therapist acquired a primary CMV infection as a result of the exposure
C. The patient is immune to CMV and cannot be the source of the therapist’s exposure
D. Viral testing is necessary to confirm the source of the therapist’s infection
Answer: Viral testing is necessary to confirm the source of the therapist’s infection
Four patients recently hospitalized on the medical/surgical unit are described as follows:
Patient A: sternal wound culture positive for Staphyloccoccus aureus.
Patient B: purulent drainage from a wound that is positive for coagulate-positive staphylococci
Patient C: wound culture positive for Staphylococcus epidermidis
Patient D: purulent drainage from a wound that is positive for Staphylococcus aureus
Which of the following scenarios is MOST likely?
A. All four patients had surgery
B. Patients A and D are the in the same room
C. All four patients have a hospital-acquired wound infection
D. There is insufficient information to draw any conclusions
Four patients recently hospitalized on the medical/surgical unit are described as follows:
Patient A: sternal wound culture positive for Staphyloccoccus aureus.
Patient B: purulent drainage from wound positive for coagulate-positive staphylococci
Patient C: wound culture positive for Staphylococcus epidermidis
Patient D: purulent drainage from wound positive for Staphylococcus aureus
Which of the following scenarios is MOST likely?
There is insufficient information to draw any conclusions
An IP met with the pulmonary function laboratory staff to discuss their infection control concerns regarding inpatients reporting to the laboratory with symptomatic Clostridium difficle. What action should the IP take FIRST?
A. discuss transmission risks with the unit manager
B. reschedule cases following 24 hours of antibiotic therapy
C. postpone testing of patients with active C. difficile
D. encourage liberal use of hand sanitizers
An IP met with the pulmonary function laboratory staff to discuss their infection control concerns regarding inpatients reporting to the laboratory with symptomatic Clostridium difficle. What action should the IP take FIRST?
discuss transmission risks with the unit manager
Which of the following statements regarding chickenpox and immunity is accurate?
A. a negative history of vericella infection is a reliable method of determining susceptibility
B. infection confers long-term immunity and second attacks are rare
C. immune adults who are exposed to varicella may develop shingels from exposure
D. Susceptible individuals should receive IG within 4 days after exposure.
Which of the following statements regarding chickenpox and immunity is accurate?
infection confers long-term immunity and second attacks are rare
An IP gives a pretest to all nurses on a surgical unit. Half of the nurses are then randomly assigned to attend a special class on wound management. A post-test is given 1 month later to all nurses on the unit. This practise illustrates what type of study?
A descriptive
B. experimental
C. retrospective
D. case-control
An IP gives a pretest to all nurses on a surgical unit. Half of the nurses are then randomly assigned to attend a special class on wound management. A post-test is given 1 month later to all nurses on the unit. This practise illustrates what type of study?
experimental
- A nurse is concerned that a patient in the neurology ward has a prion disease after receiving a lab report stating that the patient had a positive nucleic acid test for John Cunningham virus (JCV) in the cerebrospinal fluid. What is the best response to give this nurse?
a. The test is positive for Creutzfeldt-jakob disease, which is a prion test.
b. The test is positive for Campholobactor jejuni, which is not a prion disease.
c. The test is positive for JCV (a polyomavirus), which is not a prion disease.
d. The test is positive for JCV ( a polyomavirus) which is a prion disease.
C. The test is positive for JCV (a polyomavirus), which is not a prion disease.
An 82-year-old patient is admitted to a hospital with Proteus mirabilis bacteremia. Which of the following is the MOST likely source of the bacteremia?
A. urinary tract
B. decubitus ulcer
C. gastroinestinal tract
D. lower respiratory tract
An 82-year-old patient is admitted to a hospital with Proteus mirabilis bacteremia. Which of the following is the MOST likely source of the bacteremia?
urinary tract
Which of the following practices is recommended to prevent food borne outbreaks in a hospital?
A. Processing food trays from isolation patients separately
B. Holding hot foods at a temperature of 140 degrees F. (60 C) or above
C. Routine culturing of food service workers
D. Sanitizing food preparation surfaces with a chlorine disinfectant
Which of the following practices is recommended to prevent food borne outbreaks in a hospital?
Holding hot foods at a temperature of 140 degrees F. (60 C) or above
Over the past 3 days, an Infection Preventionis (IP) notices an increased number of patients admitted with vomiting and diarrhea. The laboratory staff report that they have isolated Shigella sonnei from 20 different patients. Discussion with Public Health reveals that the usual incidence of Shigella sonnei is 50 cases per year in a town with a population of 200,000. What is the MOST likely source of this outbreak?
A. undercooked hamburgers
B. imported apples
C. infected foodhandler
D. raw oysters
Over the past 3 days, an Infection Preventionis (IP) notices an increased number of patients admitted with vomiting and diarrhea. The laboratory staff report that they have isolated Shigella sonnei from 20 different patients. Discussion with Public Health reveals that the usual incidence of Shigella sonnei is 50 cases per year in a town with a population of 200,000. What is the MOST likely source of this outbreak?
infected foodhandler
Which of the following is a measure of the frequency with which a new event occurs in a population over a defined time period?
A. Incidence
B. Baseline
C. Prevalence
D. Endemic
Which of the following relates is a measure of the frequency with which a new event occurs in a population over a defined time period?
Incidence
What percent of alcohol by weight is most effective for waterless hand-hygiene products?
A. 40% to 55%
B. 50% to 70%
C. 60% to 90%
D. 75% to 98%
What percent of alcohol by weight is most effective for waterless hand-hygiene products?
60% to 90%
- The primary immune response after exposure to a communicable disease pathogen or vaccine is production of:
a. Immunoglobulin G (IgG)
b. Immunoglobulin M (IgM)
c. Immunoglobulin A (IgA)
d. Immunoglobulin C (IgC)
B. Immunoglobulin M (IgM)
