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CIB DDP Modules 2024/25 > CIB 012 - Arson > Flashcards

CIB 012 - Arson Flashcards

1
Q

Natural causes of fire

A

By any combination of fuel, heat source, and air. Factors include:
- Chemical reaction
- The sun’s rays
- Lighting
- Static electricity
- Rodents eating through wiring, or building nests out of flammable material
- Spontaneous combustion and ignition of, for example, damp grain, hay or wool; cloth soaked in oil, turpentine or paint; fine dust in joinery factories or mills

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2
Q

Power under the fire service Act 1975 – S28 (5 things)

A

The person in charge of the fire service is charged with the direction of operations at a fire under sec 28, Fire Service Act 1975. These powers confer the right to:

  • Enter private property when it is on fire, or when entry is essential to perform a necessary duty
  • Close roads
  • Remove vehicles impeding the Fire Service. If necessary, can break into vehicles for that purpose
  • Remove people in danger or interfering with operations, use reasonable force necessary
  • Do anything else that is reasonably necessary to protect life and property
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3
Q

When can Police Use of Fire Service powers

A

-Police may exercise these powers if called upon to do so by the person in charge of the fire service.
-Police have no right to exercise these powers just because they are present at the fire

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4
Q

Purpose of Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) between Police and Fire Service

A
  • Ensure investigations of fire scenes are conducted expertly and efficiently
  • any relevant evidence is protected and collected for prosecutions or coronial enquiries
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5
Q

The fire service will notify the police if:

A

A fire results in serious injury of death, or a fire is considered suspicious

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6
Q

Role of Fire Investigation Liaison Officer (FLIO)

A
  • Attend every fire that results in serious injury or death,
  • Coordinating fire investigations
  • Assist area and district with fire investigation related queries
  • Coordinate fire investigation training for police employees in the area and district,

Provide other advice and expertise as required

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7
Q

Specialist Fire investigators will be called to attend and investigate:

A
  • Fires where fatalities occur or serious life-threatening injuries.
  • Structure fires where the cause is suspicious or not determined,
  • Significant fire spread across property boundaries,
  • Fires in buildings where fire safety features have failed,
  • Any other fire, upon request from Police or another agency
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8
Q

What is a fire service investigation liaison officer (FSILO)?

A

A staff member from the fire service. They have responsibility for:

  • arrange specialist fire investigator to added attendance at scenes when requested by police.
  • establishing and maintaining effective working relationships with police FILO in respective police areas.
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9
Q

What do the SFI (specialist Fire Investigator) and FILO (fire investigation Liaison Officer discuss)?

A
  • Handover of the scene
  • Access to the fire scene
  • Process for examination and investigation
  • Identification and collection of evidence at the fire scene
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10
Q

Police responsibilities at a fire scene examination and investigation

A

Police must:

  • Conduct the criminal investigation or coronial enquiry,
  • Undertake responsibility for the protection, collection, and recording of forensic evidence.
  • Collect and remove material from the fire crime scene,
  • Preservation, analysis, and subsequent disposition of any such material
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11
Q

Common methods of setting fires:

A
  • Candles,
  • Chemical igniters
    (Potassium permanganate,
    sugar and glycerine,
    Potassium chlorate,
    sugar and sulphuric acid),
  • Electrical apparatus
    (A bar heater turned to face a wall or furniture, An iron left flat on a surface),
  • Matches and cigarettes,
  • Electric matches,
  • Molotov cocktails,
  • Timing devices
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12
Q

Carelessness that might result in a fire:

A
  1. Kids playing with matches or lighters,
  2. Vagrant’s (homeless) lighting fires for warmth that get out of control,
  3. Ironing,
  4. Setting off fireworks,
  5. Smoking,
  6. Leaving a stove or heater on,
  7. Leaving fat unattended while cooking
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13
Q

What is considered Evidence of wilful (intentional) causes of fire?

A
  • Evidence of explosive,
  • Evidence of accelerants,
  • Evidence of intentional interference,
  • Intentional removal of valuable property
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14
Q

In determining the seat of the fire, the SFI (specialist Fire Investigator) will consider:

A

Wind direction and speed, weather, Witness reports, The colour of the flames and smoke, The direction of spread

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15
Q

What to ask fire incident controller on arrival at the scene? (FENZ officer in Charge)

A
  • Time and date the call was made and the manner it was received,
  • What appliance attended,
  • What state the fire was in when fire arrived,
  • Whether they thought the fire suspicious and if so why?
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16
Q

What do conferences assist with and who attends them From Police?

Tip ID Suspect,Scene etc

A

Identifying suspects
Reconstructing of a scene
Assessing information obtained
Planning further inquires
Establishing possible motives

O/C CIB
O/C Investigation
Police photographer
Fingerprint technician / SOCO

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17
Q

Power of authorised person in relation to land, building or structure. Section 42 (1) – Fire and Emergency New Zealand Act 2017

A
  • Enter and land building or structure
  • Break into any building or structure that may be on fire or otherwise endangered
  • Take or send any equipment or machine required into, through or upon any land, building or structure
  • Remove from any land, building or structure that is on fire or otherwise endangered, any flammable, combustible, explosive, or dangerous material
  • Cause any building or structure that is on fire or otherwise endangered to be pulled down of shored up at the time of the emergency or within a reasonable time afterwards
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18
Q

How to link a suspect to an arson
(TIP- What would you smell/see at the scene on suspect)

A

Burnt facial skin
Products of combustion on skin
Smell of smoke
Residue of fuel

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19
Q

Suspect enquires - Step 5
complete enquires to establish the suspects

A
  • Motive
  • Men’s Rea
  • Opportunity
  • Connection with the scene and crime
  • Character, mental background, history, movements, and behaviour
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20
Q

Protective clothing that should be worn at a scene

A

Helmet
Nose and mouth filter
Overalls
Gloves
Footwear with steel soles and caps

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21
Q

People who should be interviewed after a fire

A

Owner/ Occupier of the house
Person who last secured the house
Person who found the fire
Person who gave the alarm
Bystanders
People loitering
Media
Local Police

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22
Q

What todo when Guarding and controlling a fire scene

A

Watch for possible suspects
Avoid interference with the scene
Prevent looting
Prevent further fire damage
Preserve evidence

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23
Q

Steps to follow in relation to an exhibit at a fire scene

A
  • Photograph in situ, label the exhibits and preserve them in containers
  • Use approved arson kits if available, if not use suitable containers
  • Take control samples such as: charred timber and ashes or debris from the seat of fire, any accelerant find near the scene, soil from surrounding the area
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24
Q

The point of origin is the exact location in which

A

A component failed
An accidental fire originated
A fire was maliciously lit

(where the fire started)

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25
Q

At the conclusion of the examination, you will be able to determine

A

Seat of fire
Area of origin
Point of origin

26
Q

Where it is difficult to preserve the scene, the investigator must record the scene prior to demolition by:

A
  • Photos
  • Videos
  • Sketch Plan
27
Q

What to look for in a Preliminary internal examination?

A
  • Missing family photos, personal items
  • Open filing cabinets or missing files
  • Building area in need of repair
  • Signs of hardship
28
Q

What is noted in the Detailed internal examination completed by SFI accompanied by Police

A

Damage to roofing timber
Damages to wall studs
Damage to window sills
Damage to skirting boards

29
Q

External examination takes into account

A
  • Yards and outbuilding of the fire affected property
  • Adjoining premises which often reveal accelerant, attempts, forced entry, broken window, forced doors
  • What distance debris was scattered
    Nearby alleyways, streets, driveways
30
Q

External examination- the surrounding area may also reveal

A

Business appears to be struggling
Content of building missing
Accelerant containers
Property rundown

31
Q

External examination- the damaged structure may still reveal what evidence

A
  • Jimmy marks or other signs of forced entry
  • Burn patterns above doors or windows
  • Window glass broken before fire was ignited
32
Q

Conduct a preliminary interview with the owner. Find out

A
  • When the premises were last secured
  • Whether he or she knows the cause of fire
  • Details of any suspects and insurance
  • Type of business
  • Actions leading up to the fire
33
Q

Characteristics caused by explosives

A
  • Spread of debris
  • Shedding of materials
  • Shrapnel marks
  • Overlays of dust
  • Catering
34
Q

Initial Action- Fire involving explosives

A
  • Do not handle or interference with anything unfamiliar, could be a second device
  • Don’t use cell phone, portable radios or transmitting device
  • Evacuate scene for at least 100m,
  • Consider using explosive detector dog
  • If IED is located, immediately obtain assistance of an IED operator from the department of labour
  • Give regular sitrep to comms
35
Q

Intentional fires designed to look like electrical faults

A
  • Clothing on heaters
  • Toaster with nearby curtains
  • Leaving pot on stove element
  • Tampering of electric urns, bread makers, water heaters, deep fryers and rice cookers
36
Q

Suspects enquires procedure- Step 1

You may identify the suspects by means of:

A
  • Media response
  • Fingerprints
  • Information from informants and witnesses
  • Intelligence officer of FILO
37
Q

Suspect enquires procedure- Step 2

Possible suspects may include:

A
  • The owner or occupier for insurance fraud
  • An aggrieved person suffering from jealousy, hatred, rage or a desire for revenge
  • A pyromaniac
  • A business competitor to disadvantage a rival
38
Q

Suspect enquires procedure- Step 6

When executing a search warrant, search suspects:

Evidence could include:

A

When executing a search warrant, search suspects:

Clothing, residence, vehicle, and workplace

Evidence could include:
Accelerant
Containers
Ignites
Traces of debris

39
Q

Other powers of authorised person- S44 (1) FENZ Act 2017

A
  • Shut off water from any main or pipe in order to obtain a greater pressure and supply of water
  • Shut off or disconnect the supply of gas, fuel, oil, or electricity to any building on fire or in the vicinity
  • Close any road or railway in the vicinity of the emergency
  • Remove any vehicle impeding and use force or break in if necessary
  • Remove any person who is interfering with operations or is in danger
  • Do all the necessary things to preserve life and prevent damage to property and land
40
Q

What is a Fire Investigation Liaison Officer (FLIO)?

A

A FILO is a member of Police

41
Q

What is Specialist fire investigator (SFI)

A

An SFI is employed by the fire service and typically possesses extensive experience in firefighting and fire safety. They have received specialised training and assessment in fire investigation techniques

42
Q

Difference between 267 (1) and 267 (2)?

A

The difference is the property. Subsection 2 covers property of less value

43
Q

Proving an attempt

A

To be guilty of an attempt the defendant must have progressed past the stage preparation and commenced a process intended to lead to the commission of the full offence.

44
Q

After the fire has been extinguished Police must:

A

Conduct a criminal investigation or coronial enquiry and undertake responsibility for the Protection, collection and recording of forensic evidence.

45
Q

What does the point of origin mean?

A

Where the fire started

46
Q

What does the seat of fire mean?

A

The area where the main body of the fire is located

47
Q

You can set fire to your own property unless…

A

• Intend to cause loss to someone else as a result of the fire
• Intend to obtain any benefit
• Know or ought to know that the fire will endanger life
• Know that the fire is likely to destroy or damage someone else’s property

48
Q

What is the subjective test

A

What was the defendant thinking at the time? Did the defendant know that human life was likely to be endangered by his actions?

49
Q

What is the objective test

A

What would a reasonable person have thought in the same circumstances?

Would a reasonable person have recognised that the risk?

50
Q

Investigate suspects thoroughly and according to priority. Obtain their: Point 3-

Suspect enquires fires not involving explosives

A

• Full particulars
• Criminal histories
• Details of any vehicle to which they have access
• Details of any associates
• Photographs

51
Q

What hazards cause injury at a fire scene?

A
  • Inhalation of toxic substances
  • Injection from sharp objects
  • Items falling from above you
  • Tripping on fire debris
52
Q

Four main building material and their weaknesses

A

• Timber -burning and charring
• Steel- expand, lose its strength
• Concrete- spalling
• Masonry- deterioration of the mortar

53
Q

Initial action with fires not involving explosives

A

• Briefly interviews informant and witnesses
• Conduct local enquires
• Secure, guard and control scene
• Initial interview of SFI & O/C Fire who attended
• Interview with incident controller at scene
• Ensure scene safe before conference with SFI and Police
• Conduct prelim
• Regroup and hold a briefing conference
• Confer with other staff and determine plan of action
• Contact comms with sitrep

54
Q

Enquires- Area canvass of neighbourhood, interview witnesses and obtain statements about

A

• The fire
• Conduct of people at the fire
• People loitering at the scene before the fire
• Any vehicle seen in the vicinity before the fire

55
Q

How to Link suspects to the scene

A
  • Fingerprints/ Handwriting
  • IED operator may identify signature of offender
  • Items from suspects home that could be uses to manufacture a device
  • Seek advice from explosive expert before searching
56
Q

8 stages of systematic examination of scene of fire

A

• Prepare and organise staff and equipment, clear areas and set clear area responsibilities
• Prepare examination and arrange for site to be examined systematically
• Examine the exterior of the fire site
• Conduct detailed internal examination
• Identify cause of fire
• Interview witnesses at scene
• Photograph and label and preserve evidence
• Conduct area enquires

57
Q

How to prevent Fire scene contamination

A
  • Scope – how much area needs to be preserved?
  • Cordon – tape of outside, what is considered item of evidence that is furthest away. Makes cordons as wide as practical
  • Common approach path – path for all traffic to use to minimise introduction of evidence and reduce possibility of evidence being damaged
58
Q

Process to follow when Preparing for scene examination

A
  • Scene to be examined systematically
  • Establish clear area for material removed during search
  • Set a coordinated approach
  • Step by step approach from area least damaged to the point of origin
  • Noting items of interest throughout examination
  • Once preliminary internal examination is complete, hold another conference
  • Log and document decisions made
    Conduct risk assessment
  • Detailed internal examination, police accompany SFI
59
Q

How to Examine a scene involving explosives

A
  • Once scene cleared safe conduct scene exam. Use video and photographs.
  • Remember to continually reconstruct
  • Request ESR analyst. Ask to bring suitable swabbing material for hands and clothes of any suspects.
  • Create a path to the centre of the explosion laying clean unused roll of plastic or by using approved stepping plates
  • Have ESR analyst swab the area immediately (work outwards)
  • Vertical sheets of iron adjacent to the blast
60
Q

Investigation steps

A
  • Information gathering
  • Scene examination
  • Debris/Product examination
  • Analysis and testing
  • Opinion formulation
  • Reporting data and opinions
61
Q

Fault examples

A
  • Electrical Appliances
  • Broken powerlines
  • Gas pipes and fittings
  • Fans and ventilation systems
62
Q

What to consider when using an arson kit

A
  • Samples have not/ can’t be cross contaminated
  • All containers labelled and sealed
  • Liquid samples are secure and isolated from other exhibits
  • Arson kit forwarded as a unit, even if one container is used
  • Package correctly addressed

CIB DDP Modules 2024/25 (6 decks)

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