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AWS Developer Associate > CI/CD > Flashcards

CI/CD Flashcards

1
Q

What is continuous integration?

A
  • Developer pushes code to an online repository
  • A testing / build server checks the code as soon as its pushed
  • The developer gets feedback about tests / build (pass/fail)
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2
Q

What are the benefits of continuous integration?

A
  • Find and fix bugs early
  • Deliver faster Deploy often
  • Happier developers
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3
Q

What is continuous delivery?

A
  • Ensures that the software can be released reliably whenever needed
  • Ensures deployments happen often and are quick
  • Usually means auto deployment (CodeDeploy / Jenkins)
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4
Q

At a high level, what are the 5 steps for CICD on AWS?

A
  1. Write and Push Code (CodeCommit)
  2. Build Code (AWS Code build)
  3. Test Code (AWS Code Build)
  4. Deploy Code (AWS CodeDeploy)
  5. Provision
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5
Q

What is AWS CodeCommit?

A

Version control system (think Git)

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6
Q

What are the benefits of a version control system (AWS CodeCommit, Github)?

A
  • Easily collaborate with other developers
  • Provides code backup
  • code is viewable and auditable
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7
Q

What are the characteristics of AWS CodeCommit?

A
  • private Git repos
  • No size limits on repositories
  • Fully managed
  • Highly available
  • Code only in AWS Cloud = increased security and compliance
  • Secure
  • Can be integrated in with other CI tools like CodeBuild or Jenkins
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8
Q

What are the 2 ways to authenticate using CodeCommit?

A
  • SSH Keys
  • HTTPS
  • MFA (Multi Factor Authentication) can be enables for extra safety
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9
Q

How should authorization be handled with CodeCommit?

A

IAM Policies should be used to manage user / roles rights to repos

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10
Q

How is encryption implemented on AWS Code Commit?

A
  • Repos are automatically encrypted at rest using KMS
  • Encrypted in transit (can only use HTTPs or SSH - both secure)
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11
Q

How are CodeCommit and Github different?

A
  • Security: CodeCommit uses AWS IAM users and roles
  • Hosted: managed and hosted by AWS
  • UI: CodeCommit UI is minimal copared to Github where UI is fully featured
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12
Q

What AWS services can be used to provide notifications for CodeCommit?

A
  • Lambda functions
  • AWS SNS
  • AWS CloudWatch Event Rules
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13
Q

Describe use cases for using AWS SNS / AWS Lambda notifications for AWS CodeCommit.

A
  • Deletion of branches
  • Trigger for pushes that happens in the master branch
  • Notify external build system
  • Trigger AWS Lambda function to perform codebase analysis (i.e make sure creds did not get commited to code).
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14
Q

Descibe use case(s) to use CloudWatch Event Rules for CodeCommit notifications.

A
  • Trigger for pull request updates
  • Commit COMMENT events
  • CloudWatch Event Rules goes into a SNS topic
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15
Q

What is AWS CodePipeline?

A
  • AWS CodePipeline is a fully managed continuous delivery service that helps you automate your release pipelines for fast and reliable application and infrastructure updates.
  • Automates the build, test, and deploy phases of your release process every time there is a code change, based on the release model you define.
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16
Q

What are AWS CodePipeline Artifacts?

A

Each stage in the pipeline can create “artifacts” that are stored into and retieved from an S3 bucket

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17
Q

Where do CodePipeline state changes happen?

A
  • In AWS CloudWatch events.
  • These events can create SNS notifications (i.e if pipeline fails)
18
Q

What happens if codePipeline fails? Where can you see information about the job?

A

If CodePipeline fails, the pipeline will stop and you can get information in the console.

19
Q

If CodePipeline can not perform an action, what should you check?

A

Check to make sure that the IAM Service Role attached has the correct permissions (IAM Policy)

20
Q

What service can be used to audit AWS API calls?

A

AWS CloudTrail

21
Q

What is AWS CodeBuild?

A
  • AWS CodeBuild is a fully managed continuous integration service that compiles source code, runs tests, and produces software packages that are ready to deploy.
  • AWS alternative to Jenkins
  • Provides continous scaling (no need to provision or manage servers)
22
Q

In AWS CodeBuild, in what file are build instructions defined and where should this file be located?

A

Build instructions are defined in the buildspec.yml file which should be located in the root of the project.

23
Q

What is the end product of the CodeBuild Process?

A

Artifacts - get uploaded to S3 and are encryted with KMS.

24
Q

What are the four phases (specific commands to run) for AWS CodeBuild?

A
  1. Install: Install the dependencies needed for the build
  2. Pre-Build: Final commands to execute before the build
  3. Build: actual build commands
  4. Post-Build: finishing touches (i.e. zip folder to deploy)
25
If using the AWS codePipeline, where would you secure secrets?
Secrets can be secured and referenced in the **buildspec.yml** file which is used in the CodeBuild stage.
26
What is caching in AWS CodeBuild?
* Helps save time for project builds * Stores reusable pieces of your build environment and uses them across multiple builds. * Your build project can use one of two types of caching: * Amazon S3 or local. * If you use a **local cache**, you must choose one or more of three cache modes: * source cache, * Docker layer cache, and * custom cache.
27
Why would you choose to run CodeBuild on a local machine, and what does it require to do that?
* Running CodeBuild locally provides opportunity for deeper troubleshooting. * Must have docker installed * Leverages the CodeBuild Agent.
28
Can CodeBuild access resources that are inside a VPC?
* Not by default. * By default CodeBuild containers are launched outside of your VPC, but you can specify a VPC configuration that would allow your build to access resources inside the VPC
29
Why would you want CodeBuild to access resources that are inside a VPC?
* integration tests * data query * internal load balancers
30
What AWS Service is required to be running on host machines (i.e EC2 instances) in order for CodeBuild to work?
* CodeDeploy Agent * This agent is continuosly polling AWS CodeDeploy for work to do * CodeDeploy sends an **appspec.yml** file with instructions on how to deploy code
31
Will CodeDeploy provision resources needed for deployment?
No. Assumes that the EC2 instances already exist
32
What are the AWS CodeDeploy primary components (9)?
* Application * Compute Platform * Deployment Configuration * Deployment Group * Deployment Type * IAM Instance Profile * Application Revision * Service Role * Target Revision
33
What are the 2 main sections of an **appspec.yml** file?
**File section:** how to source and copy from S3 / Github to filesystem **Hooks:** set of instruction to deploy the new version
34
What is the order of hooks in the **appspec.yml** file?
1. ApplicationStop 2. DownloadBundle 3. BeforeInstall 4. AfterInstall 5. ApplicationStart 6. **ValidateService** - how do we make sure the app is working - similar to a health check 7. BeforeAllowTraffic 8. AllowTraffic 9. AfterAllowTraffic
35
For CodeBuild, what are the deployment targets?
* Set of EC2 instances with tags or * Directly to an Auto Scaling Group (ASG)
36
What are rollbacks in CodeDeploy?
* When you want/need to revert back to a previous version after a newer version has been deployed. This is usually because the new deployment version failed. * Can be automated * If a rollback happens, CodeDeploy redeploys the last known good revision as **a new deployment.**
37
What is CodeStar?
* Helps quickly create a CICD rast project for EC2, Lambda, Beanstalk * Like a one-stopshop for all CodePipleine abilities/stages plus the pipeline itself * One dashboard to view all components * Free service - pay for underlying services
38
What is the appspec.yml file?
The application specification file (AppSpec file) is a YAML-formatted or JSON-formatted file used by CodeDeploy to manage a deployment.
39
Are there size limits to CodeCommit repositories?
No
40
In CodeBuild, what are the 3 modes of local cache, and how many do you need if caching localy?
You need one or more of the following: 1. Source cache 2. Docker layer cache 3. Custom cache
41
What is the difference between buildspec.yml and appspec.yml?
* ***buildspect.yml*** controls the build process * ***appspec.yml*** controls/directs the deployment

AWS Developer Associate (25 decks)

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