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Britain 1930-1997 > Churchill as wartime Prime Minister > Flashcards

Churchill as wartime Prime Minister Flashcards

1
Q

What happened on 28th May?

A

Dunkirk arm was cut off from French forces

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2
Q

Why did Churchill think a peace deal was a bad idea?

A

thought they would offer a bad deal so Britain would decline then Hitler would know they are weak

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3
Q

When was the evacuation of Dunkirk?

A

4th June

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4
Q

How many British troops were evacuated from Dunkirk?

A

224,318 troops

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5
Q

How many allied troops were evacuated from Dunkirk?

A

111,172 troops

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6
Q

What was Churchill’s famous Dunkirk speech?

A

‘We shall not flag nor fail. we shall go on to the end…. We shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills; we shall never surrender.’

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7
Q

When did France surrender?

A

22nd June 1940

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8
Q

Why did Britain attack a French fleet?

A

to stop it falling into German hands

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9
Q

Why did Hitler and Goring want to bomb British cities?

A

as they thought it would break moral

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10
Q

What did Hitler and Goring decide not to bomb?

A

the RAF sights

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11
Q

What was special about Churchill’s leadership style, give 4 examples?

A
  • had military experience
  • knew the mistakes of WWI
  • dismissed his officials
  • he was a mastery of written and spoken expression
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12
Q

What was his relation like with General Brooke?

A

good - conscious of the need to deploy British troops to middle east and avoid heavy casualties. but frustrated with Churchill’s political; interferences

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13
Q

What was his relation like with General Wavell?

A

bad - he took the blame and a demotion for the failure in Greece in spite of his victories in North Africa; wasn’t given enough time to prepare, troops needed to be evacuated out of Crete but defeated by a German attack. They no longer had the resources to meet Rommel’s German forces in Africa

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14
Q

What was his relation like with General Auchinleck?

A

bad - wasn’t prepared for an attack on Germany and wanted to delay for more time. He created a plan but was sacked for taking too long

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15
Q

What was his relation like with General Montgomery?

A

good - liked how he was confident, used Auchinleck’s plan and gathered twice as many men then Rommel’s army before attacking El Alamein; he got all the credit

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16
Q

When was the attack at El Alamein (Egypt)?

A

October 1942

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17
Q

What was the order of the 3 generals?

A
  • Wavell; demoted
  • Auchinleck successor; sacked
  • Montgomery successor
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18
Q

How effective was the strategic decisions during the war in the Mediterranean?

A

very affective -
- Britain secured passageways in Mediterranean making it harder for Germany to get to Russia
- India may have be conquered without it
- would have made D-Day a lot harder
- saved the oil supplies
- opened a Balkan front to draw in German resources

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19
Q

How many people did the retaliation to the Blitz kill?

A

60,600

20
Q

What did the 1942 specialist report indicate?

A

that the bombing was ineffective

21
Q

What bombs were used in Dresden?

A

Incendiary bombs

22
Q

What are Incendiary bombs?

A

create fire storms as explosives would blow up the building and then the incendiary bombs would ignite the remains

23
Q

What was the total casualties in Germany from bombing raids?

A

400,000-600,000

24
Q

What was the total death toll in Dresden?

A

40,000

25
Q

How long was the bombing in Dresden?

A

3 days, between 13-15th February 1945

26
Q

What was the death toll from the Blitz?

A

40,000-43,000

27
Q

Why was Dresden bombed?

A

it was a major industrial and transportation hub; would slow down German troops and resources so allies had the chance to win

28
Q

What percentage of the cities industrial buildings were damaged?

A

23%

29
Q

What percentage of the cities residential buildings were damaged?

A

50%

30
Q

What was Operation Market Garden?

A

The Allies would chase German forces to the border and then across the Rhine River - failed

31
Q

When did Russia go to war with Germany?

A

1941

32
Q

Why bomb German cities?

A
  • alternative to invading France
  • might destroy German morale
  • might impact German resources
  • public pressure to retaliate to the Blitz
  • AF Bomber Command wanted to show off its capacity and ability to end the war
33
Q

Why was Churchill side-lined in the Big Three meetings?

A

USSR had sacrificed its people and USA was richer and more powerful so Britain had less influence

34
Q

What was Operation Fortitude?

A

large decoy to ensure the allies were going to land successfully. Germany thought they were going to invade at one point when it was another so they pulled their troops and resources away from the actual landing zone

35
Q

How many tanks were involved in D-Day?

A

3,000

36
Q

How many large ships were involved in D-Day?

A

6,500

37
Q

How many aircraft were involved in D-Day?

A

12,000

38
Q

How many men were involved in D-Day?

A

160,000

39
Q

How many allied troops on D-Day was killed?

A

10,000

40
Q

When was the nationalisation of the railways?

A

1942

41
Q

How many different fire services were brought together?

A

1500

42
Q

What was set up to help those who suffered in the air raids?

A

Rest centres and meal service centres

43
Q

What was part of the Mothers and Children reconstruction?

A

free milk to school children, extension of free school meals, orange juice and cod-liver oil provided reductions in infant mortality

44
Q

What was the Beveridge report?

A

‘from cradle to the grave’; everyone of a working age pay weekly national insurance contribution and benefits go to sick, widowed, retired, unemployed, family allowance

45
Q

What are the 5 giants?

A
  • WANT = poverty
  • DISEASE = poor health
  • IGNORANCE = lack of education
  • SQUALOR = poor housing
  • IDLENESS = unemployment
46
Q

Why did he lose office in 1945?

A
  • Labour focussed on healing the people through benefit schemes and report
  • people wanted change; labour promised that to them
  • Conservative party relied on Churchill’s reputation as a war hero
  • Churchill focused on maintaining the Empire

Britain 1930-1997 (7 decks)

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