Church In Britlandia Flashcards
1
Q
Who sent Augustine to England as a missionary?
A
Pope Gregory I
Pope Gregory I was motivated by a desire to eliminate paganism.
2
Q
In what year did Augustine arrive in England?
A
597 CE
This was part of Pope Gregory I’s mission to convert the English to Christianity.
3
Q
What was the initial reaction of the king of Kent to Augustine?
A
Welcomed him
This welcome facilitated the spread of Christianity in the region.
4
Q
By what year had many English people converted to Christianity?
A
650 CE
The conversion process began with the kings and then spread to ordinary people.
5
Q
What was the primary goal of Pope Gregory I in sending Augustine to England?
A
To eliminate paganism
He was particularly concerned about the persistence of pagan beliefs in England.
6
Q
Fill in the blank: Augustine was sent to England as a missionary in _______.
A
597 CE
7
Q
True or False: Augustine was the only missionary sent by Pope Gregory I to England.
A
False
More missionaries were sent the following year to continue the conversion efforts.
8
Q
What regions in England did Augustine initially convert?
A
Kent and Essex
These regions were among the first to embrace Christianity under Augustine’s leadership.
9
Q
Who was the first known Christian martyr in Britain?
A
Alban
Alban was a British soldier in the Roman army.
10
Q
What action did Alban take when he encountered the Christian priest?
A
He decided to give him shelter for the night
This was dangerous due to the persecution of Christians.
11
Q
What did the priest, Amphibalus, refuse to do that led him to flee?
A
Offer incense to the Emperor
12
Q
What was Alban’s declaration when asked to offer incense to the Emperor?
A
I am called Alban and I worship and adore the true and living God who created all things.
13
Q
What happened to Alban after he was arrested?
A
He was tortured and taken to be executed.
14
Q
How did one of the executioners respond to Alban’s faith?
A
He begged to be allowed to die for Jesus.
15
Q
What was the outcome of Alban’s martyrdom?
A
Many others became Christians due to his witness of faith.
16
Q
What was built on the site of Alban’s execution?
A
A Church became a shrine and a center of pilgrimage.
17
Q
What town grew up around the site of Alban’s shrine?
A
St. Albans
18
Q
Fill in the blank: Alban listened in astonishment to the priest because he had heard of the Christians, but could not understand their _______.
A
stubborn refusal to give worship to the Emperor
19
Q
Who was St Alban?
A
St Alban lived in Verulamium, a town in England during the 200’s C.E. - a period of vicious Roman persecution against Christians.
St Alban is recognized as the first British Christian martyr.
20
Q
What is a Pagan?
A
A believer in many gods or someone with no religion.
Paganism typically refers to polytheistic, nature-based, or folk religions.
21
Q
What is a martyr?
A
A person who is ready to suffer violence or death for refusing to give up their faith.
The term can also describe individuals who died for a good cause, but this is not the strict definition of martyr.
22
Q
True or False: Those who carry out violence or terrorism are considered martyrs.
A
False
Martyrs are defined by their willingness to suffer for their faith, not by violent actions.
23
Q
Provide an example of a martyr.
A
Martin Luther King Jr.
He is referred to as a martyr of the Civil Rights Movement.
24
Q
Fill in the blank: A martyr is a person who is ready to suffer _______ or death for refusing to give up their faith.
A
violence
This emphasizes the extreme sacrifices martyrs are willing to make.
25
What significance does the term 'martyr' convey?
The importance of the cause for which the person was fighting.
## Footnote
While martyrdom is often associated with religious contexts, it can apply to various causes.
26
What is the largest denomination in the Christian religion?
The Roman Catholic Church
## Footnote
The Roman Catholic Church is the largest Christian denomination.
27
How long has the Roman Catholic Church existed?
Over 2,000 years
## Footnote
The Roman Catholic Church is one of the oldest denominations.
28
What does the word 'catholic' mean?
'Universal' or 'everyone'
## Footnote
This signifies that beliefs are held by Catholics worldwide.
29
What is considered the Word of God in the Roman Catholic Church?
The Bible
## Footnote
The Bible is believed to be inspired by God.
30
Who is the head of the Roman Catholic Church?
The Pope
## Footnote
Currently, the Pope is Francis, who is situated in the Vatican in Rome.
31
On whose teachings are the Catholic Church's teachings built?
The teachings of the 12 Apostles, particularly Peter
## Footnote
Peter is recognized as the first pope.
32
What do Roman Catholics do to seek forgiveness?
Confess sins and ask God for forgiveness
## Footnote
This practice is a significant aspect of Catholic belief and tradition.
33
What is the Orthodox Church?
A branch of Christianity mainly practised in Eastern Europe
## Footnote
The Orthodox Church is characterized by its self-governing structure.
34
What does the word 'Orthodox' mean?
'Right belief'
## Footnote
This term reflects the Church's emphasis on correct doctrine.
35
What is the significance of icons in the Orthodox Church?
They are of great importance and used in worship and at home
## Footnote
Icons often depict Christ, Mary, or the lives of the saints.
36
Who is the head of the Eastern Orthodox Churches?
The Patriarch of Constantinople
## Footnote
He is regarded as the 'first among equals' among Orthodox leaders.
37
True or False: The Patriarch of Constantinople has real authority over all Orthodox Churches.
False
## Footnote
His role is more symbolic, with no real authority over other Churches.
38
Fill in the blank: The Orthodox Church is made up of a number of _______.
self-governing Churches
## Footnote
This structure allows for a degree of autonomy within the Church.
39
What is the Church of England also known as?
The Anglican Church
40
Who created the Church of England and when?
Henry VIII in the 1530s
41
What prompted the creation of the Church of England?
Henry VIII's split from the pope
42
Who is the head of the Church of England?
The King
43
Who is the current leader of the Church of England?
Archbishop of Canterbury, Justin Welby
44
True or False: The Church of England allows divorce and re-marriage.
True
45
What does the term 'Protestant' originate from?
The word 'protest'
46
What historical event is associated with the term 'Protestant'?
The Reformation
47
From where does the Church of England derive its authority?
The Bible alone
48
Fill in the blank: The Bible is interpreted to suit _______.
[modern life]
49
True or False: The Church of England does not allow women to be priests.
False
50
Who founded the Quakers?
George Fox
## Footnote
Founded around 1650.
51
What is the proper name of the Quakers?
The Religious Society of Friends
52
What is the main purpose of the Quakers?
To help those in need
53
Where do Quakers worship?
In simple rooms, not churches
54
What does Quaker worship consist of?
Silent waiting
55
How do Quakers contribute during worship?
When inspired by the Holy Spirit
56
What is the Quaker view of the Bible?
It is a very inspirational book, not the actual 'word of God'
57
Do Quakers celebrate Christian festivals like Easter and Christmas?
No, because every day is special
58
What is the Quaker stance on fighting?
They do not believe in any form of fighting
59
Are there priests or leaders in the Quaker community?
No
60
What is the Church of England also known as?
Anglican Church
61
Who created the Church of England and in what decade?
Henry VIII in the 1530's
62
Who is the head of the Church of England?
The Queen
63
Who is the current leader of the Church of England?
Archbishop of Canterbury, Justin Welby
64
What modern practices does the Church of England allow?
Divorce and re-marriage
## Footnote
The Church of England is considered quite modern compared to other churches.
65
What does the term 'Protestant' derive from?
The word 'protest'
66
What historical event is associated with the term 'Protestant'?
The Reformation
67
From where does authority in the Church of England come?
The Bible alone
68
How is the Bible interpreted in the Church of England?
To suit modern life
69
Does the Church of England allow women to be priests?
Yes
70
What is the fifth largest Christian Church in the world?
Baptist Christians (Protestants)
## Footnote
Baptists are known for their distinct practices and beliefs within Christianity.
71
How do Baptist Churches govern themselves?
Each Church governs itself
## Footnote
Baptists reject the idea of a state Church.
72
What does the name 'Baptist' refer to?
The practice of baptising by full immersion in water
## Footnote
This practice symbolizes the washing away of sins.
73
What is the only source of authority for Baptists?
The Bible
## Footnote
Baptists emphasize scriptural authority in their beliefs and practices.
74
Who do Baptists baptise?
Older children and adults
## Footnote
This is to ensure individuals can decide for themselves whether they want to be Christian.
75
What type of church hierarchy do Baptists have?
There is no hierarchy of priests, bishops, or pope
## Footnote
Baptists believe in the priesthood of all believers.
76
Do Baptists believe that authority comes from the 12 apostles?
No
## Footnote
Baptists reject this idea, emphasizing individual interpretation of the Bible.
77
What is a schism?
A split or division within a group
## Footnote
Schisms can lead to the formation of new communities, as seen in Christian denominations.
78
What is heresy?
An opinion or belief that goes against Church teaching, or the denial of a revealed truth
## Footnote
Heresy can lead to excommunication or the formation of new sects.
79
What was Arianism?
A belief that questioned the divinity of Jesus
## Footnote
The First Council of Nicaea condemned Arianism as heresy.
80
What was the outcome of the First Council of Nicaea in AD 325?
Arianism was declared incorrect, and its followers were exiled
## Footnote
This council aimed to unify Christian beliefs but led to a schism.
81
Who were the Nestorians?
Followers of Nestorius who denied the Incarnation
## Footnote
They believed Jesus was a God-inspired man, not God-made-human.
82
What did the Council of Chalcedon in AD 451 state?
Jesus was one person, both fully God and fully human
## Footnote
This led to the Nestorian schism.
83
What was the Protestant Reformation?
A major schism in Western Christianity during the sixteenth century
## Footnote
It arose from calls for reform against corrupt practices in the Church.
84
What were indulgences?
A way to reduce the amount of punishment given for sin
## Footnote
The selling of indulgences was one of the corrupt practices that spurred the Reformation.
85
What action did King Henry VIII take during the Reformation?
He made himself the supreme head of the Church in England
## Footnote
This followed his fallout with the Pope over a divorce.
86
Who was Martin Luther?
A key figure in the Reformation who challenged Church practices
## Footnote
He translated the Bible into German and emphasized faith alone for salvation.
87
What did Martin Luther believe about salvation?
Having a belief in God was enough to be saved from sin
## Footnote
This contrasted with Catholic beliefs that included good deeds and sacraments.
88
What was the Council of Trent?
A council called by the Catholic Church as part of the Counter-Reformation
## Footnote
It condemned Protestant teachings and reaffirmed Catholic doctrines.
89
What was the impact of the Protestant Reformation on Christian denominations?
It led to the emergence of many different Christian Churches
## Footnote
Conflicts among Protestant reformers resulted in further splits.
90
Fill in the blank: The _______ was called in 1543 to respond to the Protestant Reformation.
Council of Trent
91
True or False: The Protestant Reformation resulted in a unified Christian Church.
False
## Footnote
The Reformation led to the establishment of numerous divergent Christian denominations.
92
What caused the English Reformation?
Henry VIII's disagreement with the Pope
## Footnote
This disagreement led to the establishment of the Church of England.
93
What was a common belief shared by Calvin and Luther?
Both emphasized the authority of scripture
## Footnote
However, their followers eventually formed separate denominations.
94
What do the windows show?
Stories from The Bible in picture form
95
In what order do the stories appear in the windows?
In the same order as they do in The Bible
96
Why might medieval churches have been built with these windows?
To visually communicate biblical stories
97
Who were the windows intended for?
For the congregation and visitors to the church
98
What was Stained Glass popular for during Medieval times?
It was popular as a way to praise God and tell stories from The Bible through pictures.
99
What was the literacy rate during the Medieval times?
Most people were illiterate.
100
How did Stained Glass help the illiterate population?
It allowed them to understand stories from The Bible through visual representations.
101
Fill in the blank: Stained Glass was very popular during _______ times.
Medieval
102
True or False: Stained Glass windows were solely decorative and had no educational purpose.
False
103
What are stained glass windows known for?
Being decorative and beautiful
## Footnote
Stained glass windows often enhance the visual appeal of buildings, especially churches.
104
What purpose did stained glass windows serve in Catholic Churches?
Praising God and showcasing beauty
## Footnote
Catholic Churches often feature ornate designs to reflect divine beauty.
105
What does the creation of stained glass windows signify about the maker?
Their devotion to God and religion
## Footnote
Making stained glass is a labor-intensive process that reflects personal dedication.
106
Fill in the blank: Stained glass windows are often used in _______ to display beauty and devotion.
Catholic Churches
107
What is the focal point of Anglican, Roman Catholic, and Orthodox churches?
The altar
## Footnote
The altar is considered the holiest part of the church.
108
What roles do the font and pulpit play in church services?
They are important features in many church services
## Footnote
The font holds water for baptisms, and the pulpit is used for preaching.
109
What do some Christians believe about the importance of the place of worship?
They do not think it is particularly important
## Footnote
They are content to worship in community halls or homes.
110
Which Christian groups keep their places of worship simple and plain?
Plymouth Brethren and Quakers
## Footnote
These groups argue that simplicity helps prevent distractions during worship.
111
Why do many Christians value their places of worship?
They see it as a holy place with an atmosphere that makes them aware of God's presence.
112
Where is the altar typically located in most churches?
In front of the east wall
## Footnote
This location symbolizes facing the rising sun, representing the resurrection of Jesus.
113
What is the purpose of the pulpit in churches?
It is the focal point for preaching the sermon
## Footnote
The priest or minister stands on the pulpit to be seen and heard by the congregation.
114
What is the font used for in church?
It holds water for infant baptism
## Footnote
The font's position reminds people of baptism as the 'door' for children to enter the faith.
115
What was the original purpose of stained-glass windows in churches?
To teach Bible stories and the lives of saints
## Footnote
They served as an important teaching aid before widespread literacy.
116
What shape do many older churches have, and why is it significant?
A cross-shape
## Footnote
This shape serves as a reminder of the death of Jesus.
117
What are votive candles used for in churches?
People light them before saying a prayer
## Footnote
They remind worshippers of Jesus, who referred to himself as 'the Light of the world'.
118
True or False: Candles are found in Nonconformist churches.
False
## Footnote
Nonconformist churches do not typically use candles.
119
What is the significance of the central aisle in many churches?
It is a reminder of the death of Jesus
## Footnote
The layout of the church often reflects Christian symbolism.
120
What are some common events that people celebrate throughout the year?
Birthdays, end of exams, engagements, regular anniversaries
## Footnote
These events provide reasons for celebration and create opportunities for reflection.
121
Why do people celebrate events?
To cheer up and have something to look forward to
## Footnote
Celebrations can make individuals feel special and reflect on past events.
122
What are the three major festivals celebrated by the church?
Christmas, Easter, Pentecost
## Footnote
These festivals focus on significant events in the life of Jesus.
123
What role do symbols and colors play in church celebrations?
They signify different festivals and events
## Footnote
For example, red is used for Pentecost, violet for Advent, and white for Christmas.
124
What does Pentecost commemorate?
The arrival of the Holy Spirit
## Footnote
This event marks the beginning of the Christian Church.
125
What color is used to symbolize Pentecost and why?
Red, because the Holy Spirit appeared like fire
## Footnote
This is based on the account in Acts 2.1-4.
126
What is the significance of Advent in the Church year?
It is considered the beginning of the Church year
## Footnote
Advent involves serious preparation for the birth of Jesus.
127
What color is associated with Christmas and why does it change?
White, to symbolize celebration
## Footnote
This changes from violet during Advent, which is a time of preparation.
128
What are some Christian symbols associated with Christmas?
Stars, angels
## Footnote
These symbols are derived from the nativity stories.
129
What color is used during Lent and what does it represent?
Violet, representing preparation for Jesus' death and resurrection
## Footnote
This color is replaced by white for the celebration of Easter.
130
What does the color white symbolize during Easter?
Light, as Jesus emerged from the darkness of the tomb
## Footnote
It represents the resurrection and new life.
131
What symbols represent new life during Easter?
Eggs, spring flowers
## Footnote
The Easter candle also represents the Light of the World.
132
True or False: An empty cross is a popular symbol of Easter Sunday.
True
## Footnote
It signifies the resurrection and is without the figure of Jesus.
133
Fill in the blank: The Holy Spirit is symbolized by a _______ at Pentecost.
flame
## Footnote
This is one of the symbols representing the Holy Spirit.
134
What is Advent?
The first season in the liturgical year, leading up to Christmas.
135
When does Advent start and end?
Starts on the Sunday nearest to 30 November and ends on the fourth Sunday before 25 December.
136
What does the word 'advent' mean?
'Coming'.
137
What is the significance of Advent for Christians?
It is a time of waiting and preparation for the birth of Jesus and the Second Coming of Christ.
138
What is the liturgical color for Advent?
Purple.
139
What does purple represent in the context of Advent?
Penitence and the reflective nature of Advent.
140
Name two Advent devotions.
* Counting down using a calendar
* Using an Advent wreath with five candles.
141
How are the weeks of Advent linked to prophetic texts?
The readings each week show the enduring importance of the Old Testament.
142
What is the significance of the Advent wreath?
It connects to prophetic texts and symbolizes various aspects related to the Messiah.
143
What does the Advent wreath symbolize?
It symbolizes eternal life and God's everlasting love.
144
What does the Cedar in the Advent wreath symbolize?
Strength.
145
What does Holly symbolize in the Advent wreath?
Jesus' crown of thorns.
146
What is the Prophecy candle and its significance?
A purple candle symbolizing hope and the messianic expectation.
147
What does the Bethlehem candle symbolize?
Faith.
148
What does the Shepherd's candle symbolize?
Joy.
149
What does the Angel's candle symbolize?
Peace.
150
What does the Christ candle symbolize?
Purity.
151
When is the Christ candle lit?
On Christmas Eve and kept alight through to Epiphany on 6 January.
152
What does the circular shape of the Advent wreath represent?
The eternal nature of God.
153
True or False: Advent is only a time of preparation for Christmas.
False.
154
Fill in the blank: The Advent wreath is made of _______.
[evergreens]
155
What are the five candles on the Advent wreath?
* Prophecy candle
* Bethlehem candle
* Shepherd's candle
* Angel's candle
* Christ candle.
156
What is the connection between Advent and the Old Testament?
It helps Christians remember the importance of the Old Testament as something that unfolds and foreshadows what happens in the New Testament.
157
What is Lent?
A season in the liturgical year beginning on Ash Wednesday and ending on Holy Thursday; it is a time of repentance in the 40-day period leading to Easter.
158
What are the three ways Catholics usually prepare for Easter?
* Fasting
* Almsgiving
* Prayer
159
What is fasting in the context of Lent?
Going without or giving up something, often food, to develop discipline and understand the suffering of others.
160
What is almsgiving?
Giving freely to help others, which can include money, resources, or time.
161
What does prayer involve during Lent?
Lifting hearts and minds to God, focusing entirely on Him to build a good relationship.
162
Define 'conversion of heart'.
Turning, or returning, to God out of love.
163
What is the significance of the Stations of the Cross?
A Catholic devotion based on the medieval practice of walking around the sites of Jerusalem associated with Jesus' trial, suffering, and death.
164
How do Catholics relate to Jesus' temptation in the wilderness during Lent?
They believe that through their Lenten practices, they can be united to Jesus' experience of being tested.
165
True or False: Fasting, almsgiving, and prayer are only for Lent.
False.
166
What does the Catechism teach about conversion?
Conversion can be achieved through practices like caring for those in poverty and standing up for justice.
167
What is the greatest commandment according to Jesus?
To love God and neighbor.
168
Fill in the blank: The practice of giving up something during Lent helps develop _______.
[self-control]
169
How can almsgiving during Lent be practiced?
By donating saved money or time to help others in need.
170
Why is prayer considered an act of love during Lent?
It is a reminder of the importance of connecting with God.
171
What does Lent symbolize in a Christian's life?
A journey of faith where faith grows and is shaped.
172
What might Christians give up during Lent?
Items such as chocolate or sweets.
173
What is an argument in favor of giving up something during Lent?
[Encourages self-discipline and reflection on one's life.]
174
What is an argument against giving up something during Lent?
[It may not lead to a genuine spiritual experience if done superficially.]
175
What is the importance of the 40 days of Lent?
It mirrors the 40 days Jesus spent in the wilderness being tempted.
176
What does the term 'Triduum' mean?
The word Triduum comes from the Latin words tris meaning 'three' and dies meaning 'day'
## Footnote
Refers to the three days of the Easter Triduum, commemorating Jesus' last supper, death, and resurrection.
177
What are the three days of the Easter Triduum?
Holy Thursday, Good Friday, Holy Saturday/Easter Sunday
## Footnote
These days recall significant events in the Paschal Mystery.
178
What is the Paschal Mystery?
The belief that Jesus' death and resurrection brings salvation to every human being
## Footnote
The term 'Paschal' is linked to Pesach, or Passover.
179
What significant event is commemorated on Holy Thursday?
Jesus' last supper with his disciples
## Footnote
This includes the institution of the Eucharist and the washing of the disciples' feet.
180
What is the Latin term for commandment, and why is it relevant on Holy Thursday?
Mandatum
## Footnote
The day is sometimes called 'Maundy Thursday' because of Jesus' commandment to 'love one another.'
181
What happens during the Mass on Holy Thursday evening?
The priest washes and kisses people's feet, and the consecrated bread is taken in a procession to the altar of repose
## Footnote
This recalls Jesus' actions during the Last Supper.
182
What is the significance of Good Friday in the Easter Triduum?
It is the day that commemorates Jesus' crucifixion and suffering
## Footnote
It is a solemn day, with a liturgy held at 3pm.
183
What is not included in the Good Friday liturgy?
There is no Eucharistic prayer
## Footnote
This is a sign of respect and deep sadness at Jesus' death.
184
What is the veneration of the cross?
Catholics take turns to kiss or bow towards a crucifix
## Footnote
This act reflects gratitude for Jesus' sacrifice.
185
What does Holy Saturday and Easter Sunday commemorate?
Jesus' resurrection
## Footnote
It signifies the defeat of sin and death.
186
What symbol represents Jesus' resurrection during the Easter Vigil?
Light
## Footnote
Light overcomes the darkness of sin and death.
187
What is the Easter fire?
A fire lit outside the church at the start of the Easter Vigil
## Footnote
It symbolizes the light of Jesus' resurrection.
188
What is the Paschal candle?
A symbol of Jesus' resurrection that is lit from the Easter fire
## Footnote
It is carried into the dark church, transforming it with light.
189
Fill in the blank: The Easter Vigil Mass is celebrated on _______.
Holy Saturday evening
190
True or False: The Easter Triduum ends on the evening of Holy Thursday.
False
## Footnote
The Triduum begins on Holy Thursday and ends on Easter Sunday.
191
What commandment did Jesus give during the Last Supper?
'Love one another: just as I have loved you'
## Footnote
This is a key teaching of Jesus during the Last Supper.
