Church history Mid-term Flashcards
The Conciliar Movement
Councils of Pisa and Constance
◦ Helped to settle the great western schism. (2 and briefly 3 different Popes.)
• Conciliarists believe that church councils carry greater authority that the papacy
• Strong popes work hard to undermine conciliar authority
Desiderus Erasmus
Illegitimate son of a Dutch priest
• Critic of church corruption, especially monasteries
• Humanist, text critic
• In Praise of Folly
• Julius Exclusus
◦ Satire - gates of heaven were closed to pope Julius II because he loved waring and
the arts more than Christ.
• Greek NT
◦ The most important writing. The first modern critical and technical text. The base
text for Martin Luther’s German translation.
• Lifelong Catholic
◦ He doesn’t critique transubstantiation or penance. He is more concerned with moral
corruption. He doesn’t agree with sola scriptura.
Lorenzo Valla
Humanist, text critic
◦ Text critical study of Vulgate, discovers mistranslation.
• Critical study of Greek NT vs. Vulgate
• Metanoia (repentance), not paenentia (penance)
◦ Found this mistranslation in the Latin Vulgate which is the baseline of Catholicbelief.
• Proved Donation of Constantine was a hoax
• Probably written in the 8th century, not the 4th century
• Published posthumously
Ulrich Zwingli
• Zwingli’s love of Greek led to his becoming an admit of Erasmus, who perhaps first introduced Zwingli to
reform ideas.
• Zwingli became the pastor of the Great Minster church in Zurich, one of the most prestigious pulpits in the Swiss confederacy.
◦ Rumors of sexual immorality. Zwingli had a mistress
Michael Satler
Became leader of Swiss Brethren after Mantz martyrdom in 1526
• Drafted the Schleitheim Confession
• Foundational doctrines of normative Anabaptism (7)
◦ Baptism follow conversion
◦ Practicing the ban against unrepentant sinners (total shunning, full social cut off)
◦ Believers baptism is prerequisite to the Lords supper and Lords supper is a memorial to Christ’s sacrifice
◦ Separating from apostate Christianity
◦ Churches select there own pastors
◦ Rejection of the sword (passivity) (passivism)
◦ A refusal to swear oaths
• Silent on justification by faith
◦ More concerned with what discipleship looks like than “what must I do to be saved?”
• More focused on holiness and ecclesiology,
Balthasar Hubmaier
Most educated of early Anabaptist
• Baptized by immersion
• Arrested in 1525 & participated in disputation with Zwingli
• Recanted under torture, then repented
◦ While on the rack, begging for mercy
‣ Wrote the Anabaptist systematic theology
‣ Wrote a treatise on the freedom of the will
Pilgrim Marpeck
Austrian miner & politician
• Loses job (his mine) in 1528 for protecting anabaptists
• Itinerant preacher & church planter for 12 years
◦ Starting underground congregations
• Becomes city engineer & pastor in Augsburg in 1544
• Affirmed supreme authority of the NT over the OT
◦ Misapplication of OT applications (circumcision, Levitical priesthood, etc.)
Menno Simons
The Anabaptists in the Low Countries became so identified with Simons’ leadership that they came to be called
Mennonites.
• Simons was the leading Anabaptist theologian after the death of Hubmaier, wiring works on biblical
infallibility, the incarnation, ecclesiology, and church discipline.
• Embraces a aberrant view of incarnation, an insufficient view
Melchoir Hoffman
Obsessed with bible prophecy and end times
• Convinced that he spoke on behalf of God
◦ Believing he pinpointed the date of Jesus’ return, 1533 in Strausburg France
• His views greatly influenced the anabaptists around modern day Germany
• So much so, one group became convinced that Jesus didn’t come back because He needed their help
◦ Violently took control of the city of Münster
◦ Deciding this is where Jesus will come back, renaming it the new Jerusalem
• Hoffman called his view the “Heavenly Flesh of Christ” others called it Hoffmanite Christology
◦ Mary is Jesus’ surrogate mother, so all of his humanness comes from heaven
Mennonites
• This was in an attempt to remove Jesus from original guilt, original sin
The Munster Rebellion
• Established an Anabaptist theocracy in Münster called the “New Jerusalem”
• In 1535, Catholics & Lutherans retook the city and executed the leaders
◦ Lay siege to the city for months, starving out the people
◦ Executed all the people left in the city
◦ And publicly hung the leaders outside the city
• For many, Anabaptist now equaled anarchy
The Genevan Reformation
Hero's welcome upon return to Geneva • Writes Ecclesiastical Ordinances • Four-fold ministry, church discipline, consistory (enacts widespread moral reforms) ◦ Outlawing taverns ◦ Cursing ◦ Dancing ◦ Gambling • Emphasis on consecutive exposition all preaching
Theodor Baza
Supra - “before”
lapsarian - “Fall”
God chose to elect and reprobate before he allowed the fall
Founder of reformed orthodoxy
Jacob Arminius
Distinguished foreknowledge from predestination
Election is based on foreseen faith and final preservation
Divine grace can be resisted by human free will
The Synod of Dort
Total depravity ◦ Unconditional election ◦ Limited atonement ◦ Irresistible grace ◦ Perseverance of the saints
Moise Amyraut
Rejected limited atonement
God’s general vs. particular will to save sinners
