Church History Final Flashcards
Thomas Aquinas’ conviction of the divine sanction of the papacy led him to insist what?
That submission to the Pope was necessary for Salvation.
What did Thomas Aquinas teach to support the practice of indulgences? (i.e., how did he logically justify indulgences?)
Because of the work of Christ and the merit of the saints, the Church has access to a “treasury of merit,” that priests may draw from to aid Christians who lack merit of their own. Those who are Christian in desire but are inadequate must suffer in purgatory; the priests may draw from the treasury of the merit of the faithful saints in order to aid those less faithful.
What did the Waldenses have in common with the other reformation movements? What made them different from the other movements?
Their movement was similar because they were a clear back-to-the-Bible movement. Their movement was different because it emphasized penance and poverty, not salvation thorough faith as Luther and other reformers did.
What three weapons did the Catholic church have at its disposal against heretics?
- Preaching to return people to the truth
- A crusade
- The inquisitions
What was Dominic’s strategy for reaching the Albigenses?
To preach the gospel, but through humility and poverty, not with pomp and arrogance as other Roman missionaries did.
The inquisitors were subject to no law, only to _____. In 1252 they were even given the right to _____ as a means of getting information and confessions from the accused.
“the Pope;” “torture”
What was the Babylonian captivity of the papacy?
The period of time during which six successive popes, all French, lived in Avignon rather than Rome, in the control of the French kings.
What is the Great Papal Schism, and what led up to it?
The Schism was the division of the church in Europe under two popes attempting to rule at the same time. The Schism occurred when the Cardinals elected Urban VI (an Italian) as Pope. Shortly after, they claimed that the people of Rome had forced their decision, named Urban an apostate, and elected Clement VII (a Frenchman) as Pope. Clement VII ruled from Avignon, and Urban VI ruled from Rome.
When and how did the Great Papal Schism come to an end?
At the Council of Constance in 1414, the Holy Roman Emperor gathered a council that deposed both reigning popes and convinced a third to step aside. They named a new pope. The council is also significant because it was the first time that nations identified themselves as such, not merely as geographical parts of the Church.
By what standard did Wycliffe judge the Roman Church?
The teachings of Scripture.
What traditional doctrine did Wycliffe attack that resulted in him losing much of his support?
Transubstantiation
What was the Council of Constance? What did John Huss believe it would be, and what did it actually turn out to be?
Huss hoped that it would be a means through which he could present his views to the authorities, but instead it was the place where he was handed over to the inquisition.
On what date did Martin Luther nail his 95 theses to the Wittenberg door?
October 31, 1517
What was the Peace of Westfalia?
It marked the end of the Thirty Year’s War. It also effectively allowed denominationalism, and allowed more religious liberty.
What was the “big theological question” of pietism?
Assurance
On what date did John Wesley have his “Alderstgate experience?”
May 24, 1738
Summarize John Wesley’s view on salvation.
Although we are justified by grace, we are sanctified by works. However, our works are only possible through grace.
List and explain the three views of the Holiness Experience:
Wesleyan: sanctification is primarily progressive, but some may have a mystical second work of grace, resulting in “entire sanctification.”
Palmer-Keswick: sanctification is the result of a second blessing, called the “baptism of the Spirit,” but is intended for works of service.
Third Wave: a first blessing is for conversion, a second is for holiness, a third is the “baptism of the Spirit,” which is for power.
List the seven articles of the Schleitheim confession:
- Believer’s baptism
- Pure church (church discipline)
- Communion exclusive to believers
- Separation from worldliness (i.e., separation of Church and state).
- Good reputation of pastors
- Pacifism
- No Oaths
What specific verse led to Martin Luther’s “revelation”?
Romans 1:17
What was Luther’s opinion on indulgences?
- They cannot remove guilt
- They do not apply to purgatory
- They are harmful because they induce a false sense of security.
What three publications did Luther write in 1520?
- Address to the Nobility of the German Nation
- The Babylonian Captivity of the Church
- The Freedom of the Christian Man
How did Luther answer the four basic Catholic concerns?
- How is a person saved? Not by works, but by faith alone.
- Where does religious authority lie? Not in the visible institution, but in the Word of God found in Scripture.
- What is the Church? The communion of believers, all of whom are priests of God.
- What is the essence of Christian living? Serving God in any useful calling; whether ordained or lay.
The Anabaptists preferred “baptist” as a designation. However, baptism was not the fundamental issue. What was?
The nature of the Church, and its relationship to central governments.
What was the decision of the Zurich council on March 7, 1526?
That anyone found “re-baptizing” would be put to death.
What was the Munster Rebellion, and how did it affect Europe’s view of Anabaptists?
The rebellion occurred in the town of Munster. It was influenced first by Lutheranism, then by Anabaptism, and was led by Jan Matthijs. He claimed new revelations from God, practiced polygamy, and called himself ‘King David.’ They were eventually destroyed after Munster was besieged. This incident led Europe to view all anabaptist as dangerous rebellious religious extremists.
