Church Hist. Final Flashcards
TO HELP ME ACE THE FINAL!
Thomas Aquinas’ conviction of the divine sanction of the papacy led him to insist what?
Submission to the pope was necessary for salvation
What did Aquinas teach to support the practice of indulgences that had gained prominence during the crusades? (I.e. how did he logically justify indulgences?
He taught that thanks to the work of Christ and the meritorious deeds of the saints, the church has access to a “treasury of merit” – a great spiritual reservoir that priests may draw from to aid Christians who have insufficient merit of their own.
What did the Waldenses have in common with other reformation movements? What made the Waldenses different from other reformation movements?
They had a back-to-the-Bible movement like other reformation movements that would follow, however, their views on salvation (which included penance and poverty) lacked a clear note of God’s grace that sounded so powerfully in the Reformation.
What three weapons did the Catholic Church have at its disposal against “heretics”?
Preaching to return them to the truth, a crusade to crush all hardened resistance, and the Inquisition to uproot heresy completely
What was Dominic’s strategy for reaching the Albigenses?
To become poor himself so that they would not see him as halving false religion
The Inquisitors were subject to no law, only _______. In 1252 they were even given the right to _______ as a means of getting information and confessions from accused heretics.
- to the pope.
2. torture
What was the Babylonian Captivity of the papacy?
It was the 72 year period that Clement V was pope, during which he never set foot in Rome, preferring instead to stay close to home.
What is the Great Papal Schism and what led up to it?
It was a time when two popes had been appointed at the same time. It was brought on by the practice of the papacy to live outside of Rome the preference shown by the cardinals to pick someone from their own nationality.
When and how did the Great Papal Schism come to an end?
In 1417, a vote was called on a national basis. One incumbent stepped down, the other two were deposed and a new Vicar was chosen.
By what standard did Wyclif judge the Roman Church?
The teachings of Scripture
What traditional Doctrine did Wyclif attack that resulted in him losing much support?
Transubstantiation
What was the “Council of Constance”? What did Hus believe it would be? What did it actually turn out to be?
The council was mainly called to address the problem of multiple popes. John Hus had hopes of presenting his views to the assembled authorities, but upon his arrival he found himself instead a victim of the Inquisition.
What verse led to Martin Luther’s “revelation”?
Romans 1:17
What was Luther’s opinion on indulgences?
It troubled Luther deeply; he began to criticize the theology of indulgences in his sermons
How did Luther answer the four basic Catholic concerns?
- How is a person saved: not by works but by faith alone
- Where does religious authority lie: not in the visible constitution called the Roman Church, but in the word of God found in the Bible.
- What is the church: the whole community of Christian believers – since all are priests before God.
- What is the essence of Christian living: serving God in any useful calling, whether ordained or lay
Anabaptists preferred “Baptists” as a designation. However, to most, baptism wasn’t the most fundamental issue. What was?
It was the nature of the Church and its relation to civil governments.
What was the decision of the Zurich council on March 7, 1526?
Anyone found rebaptizing would be put to death by water.
What was the Munster rebellion and how did it affect Europeans’ view of Anabaptists?
Munster was an episcopal city that became controlled by a group of fanatics led by Jan Matthis. Many looked to the creation of the Lord’s kingdom in Munich and when the bishop of the region sent an army to besiege them, they defended themselves. A former Innkeeper, Jan of Leiden, eventually took control, instituted new laws and called himself King David. They were able to hold out in the city for a time, but eventually it was taken and the view of Anabaptist had been changed to stand for wild-eyed religious fanaticism.
When the Anabaptist movement was finally able to unite and decide on its beliefs, what were the four major beliefs it adhered to?
- Discipleship: the relationship of the believer with Jesus Christ must go beyond inner experience and acceptance of doctrines, but should involve a daily walking with God, in which Christ’s teaching example shape a transformed style of life.
- Love: In their dealings with non-Anabaptists they would act as pacifists. They would not go to war, defend themselves against persecutors, or take part in coercion by the state.
- Congregational view of church authority: all members were to be believers baptized voluntarily upon confession of personal faith in Christ. Each believer, then, was both a priest to his fellow believers and a missionary to unbelievers.
- Separation of church and state: Christians are a free, uncompelled people, and civil authorities exceed their competence when they try to force faith. The church is distinct from society, even if society claims to be Christian.
What was Calvin’s central Doctrine?
The sovereignty of God
How did the Act of Supremacy affect the relationship between Henry VIII and the pope? How did Henry’s doctrine change?
It held that the King was the head of the Church of England, meaning that the Pope was not, and solidified England’s break with Rome. Henry intended no break with Catholic faith and the only changes that later took place were the suppression of monasteries and the publication of the English Bible.
What theological shift occurred when Henry’s only son, Edward, became king? Why?
There was an abrupt shift in the protestant direction, because (as Edward was only ten years old) a group of royal advisors had power over the government and they sympathized with the Protestant Reformation.