Chunks Flashcards
What are three steps to create a chunk?
- Focused attention while studying.
- Understanding the material (not same as memorising)
- Practicing (testing and reviewing) material (not just observing)
What are top-down and bottom-up learning and where they meet?
What does each mean?
1) Top-down – big picture – pre-reading/chapter overview.
2) Bottom-up – chunks – major concepts/outlines/flowcharts/concept maps.
3) Context – where the technique is appropriate.
Learning chunks first, building the connections later.
What are active and passive learning methods?
How to use them efficiently?
1) Recall (active) – testing oneself and trying to retell the chunk.
2) Study material (passive):
- reread;
- drawing concept-maps;
- highlighting in a reading material.
Best way to learn something is to alternate between two: study-recall-study-recall
What are 3 neurotransmitters that affect learning?
- Acetylcholine
- Dopamine
- Serotonin
Acetylcholine is associated with…
1) for focused learning
2) forming new long term memory
Acetylcholine neurones form neuromodulatory connections to the cortex.
How does acetylcholine helps to form a new long-term memory?
Acetylcholine activates circuits that control synaptic plasticity leading to new long term memory.
What is synaptic plasticity?
Synaptic plasticity is one of the important neurochemical foundations of learning and memory.
Dopamine is associated with…
Dopamine signals the perceived motivational prominence of an outcome. Higher the reward expectancy, higher the motivation.
What is neurotransmitter?
Neurotransmitter is a chemical released by neurons to send signals to other brain cells.
What effects has lower serotonin?
Lower serotonin results in higher risk-taking.
Which areas of human life and which activities does serotonin affect?
Serotonin effects social life as well as mood, appetite, sleep, memory and learning.
Which sides of learning are affected by emotions?
Emotions are intertwined with perception and attention.
Emotions interact with learning and memory.
What is Transfer in learning?
Chunks can help understand new concepts through a process called transfer.
What is a chunk?
A chunk is a way of compressing information much more compactly.
What is the Law of Serendipity?
Second concept goes in easier than the first, third – easier than the last, and so on.
