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pharmocology > Chs. 1-3 > Flashcards

Chs. 1-3 Flashcards

1
Q

Physical dependence

A

Altered physical condition caused by the adaption of nervous system to repeated drug

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2
Q

Addiction

A

Overwhelming feeling that drives someone to use a drug repeatedly

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3
Q

Dependence

A

Physiological/psychological need for a substance

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4
Q

Psychological dependence

A

Few signs of physical discomfort when drug is withdrawn but intense compelling desire to continue drug use

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5
Q

Controlled substances are:

A
  • are frequently abused
  • have high potential for addition/dependence
  • have restricted use
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6
Q

Scheduled drugs

A

Have significant potential for abuse are placed into 5 categories

  • schedule 1 are highest abuse potential
  • schedule 5 is the lowest (cough meds)
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7
Q

Schedule 1 drugs

A

Restricted to situations of medicinal necessity if allowed at all

  • little or no therapeutic value and mostly used for research
  • ex/heroine
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8
Q

Schedule 2 drugs

A
  • some schedule v drugs may be dispense with it prescription
  • high abuse potential
  • therapeutic use with prescription
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9
Q

Schedule 3 drugs

A
  • moderate abuse potential

- therapeutic use with prescription

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10
Q

Schedule 4 drugs

A

Lower abuse potential
Therapeutic use with prescription
Ex/lorazepam

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11
Q

Schedule 5 drugs

A

Lowest abuse potential

Ex/cough meds with codeine

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12
Q

Teratogenic drug classification

A

A,B,C,D,X

-categories of risk that drug poses to fetus in case of pregnant woman taking drug

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13
Q

Category a drugs

A

Controlled studies in women fail to show risk to fetus and unlikely harm to fetus

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14
Q

Category b drugs

A

Animal reproduction studies haven’t shown fetal risk or adverse effect

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15
Q

Category c drugs

A

Either studies in animals have reveals adverse effects on fetus and there are no controlled studies in women

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16
Q

Category d drugs

A

There is confirmation of human fetal risk but benefits from use in pregnant women may be acceptable despite risk like life threatening situations

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17
Q

Category x drugs

A

Animal and human studies have shown fetal abnormalities

-drug is contraindicated in women who are or may become pregnant

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18
Q

MAR

A

Medication administration record

-include drug name, dosage, and frequency for when to be given

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19
Q

Traditional drugs

A

OTC meds and prescription meds

Prescription meds-amount and frequency of drug is controlled

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20
Q

Biologics

A

Naturally produced by animal cells such as vaccines and hormones

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21
Q

Complementary and alternative

A

Therapies, natural plant extracts, and herbs

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22
Q

Drug classifications

A
  • therapeutic-based on disease or condition

- pharmacologic-based on drugs mechanism of action

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23
Q

Black box warning

A

1 of primary alerts for identifying extreme adverse drug reactions discovered during and after review process

24
Q

Parenteral routes

A
  • IV
  • IM
  • SQ (subcutaneous)
25
Q

Adverse drug effects

A

Unexpected that normally occurs at therapeutic doses like allergic reaction etc

26
Q

Side effect

A

Unintended secondary effects

27
Q

4 stages of drug approval

A

1) preclinical (lab research)
2) clinical investigation (longest part; evaluates human benefits)
3) review of new drug application (about 17-24 months; NDA next step if rejected process is suspended)
4) post marketing surveillance (New drug placed on market; FDA holds yearly meeting)

28
Q

Pharmacology

A

Study of medicine

  • how drugs are administered
  • where they travel in body
29
Q

Drug

A

Chemical agent capable of producing biologic responses within the body

30
Q

Mechanism of action

A

How drug produces it’s physiological effect on body

31
Q

Prototype drug

A

Well understood drug model with which other drugs in its representative class are compared

Has known action and adverse drugs

32
Q

Combination drug

A

Contains more than one generic ingredient

33
Q

Bioavailability

A

Physiological ability to reach target cells and produce its effect
-May be affected by inert ingredients

34
Q

Pharmacoeconomics

A

Sub- discipline of health economics has helped in situations involving brooder application of particular type of drug therapy
-benefits of $, effectiveness in health improvement and improved utility

Ex/state and national debate about legalization of marijuana for treatment of disorders

35
Q

Formulary

A

1st standard; list of drugs and drug recipes

36
Q

Pharmacopoeia

A

Medical reference summarizing standards of drug purity, strength, and directions for synthesis

37
Q

Excipients

A

Inactive ingredients

38
Q

NDA

A

New drug app

-must be submitted before drug is allowed to proceed to next phase of approval process

39
Q

Allergic reaction

A

Hyper-response of body defenses to foreign substance (allergen)

40
Q

Anaphylaxis

A

Severe type of allergic reaction that involves massive systemic release of histamine that can lead to life threatening shock

41
Q

5 rights of drug administration

A
  • right PT
  • right meds
  • right dose
  • right dose of administration
  • right time of delivery
42
Q

Compliance

A

Taking med in manner prescribed by health care provider or if use of OTC drugs follow instructions on labels

43
Q

Routine orders

A

Carried out within 2 hours of time of order (not written STAT, ASAP, NOW)

44
Q

Standing orders

A

Written in advance of situation that’s to be carried out under specific circumstances

45
Q

Enteral

A

Given orally and given through nasogastric or gastrostomy tubes

Oral=most common and least costly

Sublingual Route-med places under tongue and allowed to dissolve slowly

Buccal-placed between gum and cheek: slower absorption

ODT-allow for quick dissolving of meds without need for external source of water (dissolve in less than 30 seconds after placement on tongue)

46
Q

Enteric Coated tablets

A

designed to dissolve in alkaline environment of small intestine

47
Q

Sustained release

A

Dissolve very slowly; results in longer duration of action for meds

48
Q

Topical

A

Applied locally on skin or membranous linings

Dermatologic-applied to skin

Installations-applied into body cavities

Inhalation’s-applies to respiratory tract like an inhaler

49
Q

Parenteral

A

Delivers drugs via needle into skin layers muscle etc

50
Q

John Jacob Abel

A

Father of American pharmacology

51
Q

Pharmacotherapy

A

Application of drugs for

Disease treatment and alleviation of suffering

52
Q

Therapeutics

A

Prevention of disease
Treatment of suffering

Ex/
Antidepressants

Influence blood clotting=anticoagulant

53
Q

Pharmacologic classification

A

Based on way a drug works at molecular, tissue or body system level

Address a drugs mechanism of action

Ex/lowers plasma volume=diuretic

54
Q

Trade names

A

Assigned by company marking drug

Short and easy to remember

Also called proprietary, product or brand name

Capitalized

55
Q

Generic name

A

Assigned by US adopted name council

Less complicated and easier to remember

Lowercase

Ex/aspirin is generic and some of the trade names are Anacin, Salatin, Excedrin etc

56
Q

Combination drugs

A

Contain more than one active generic ingredient

pharmocology (2 decks)

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