Chronology of British India Flashcards
First Carnatic War
First Carnatic War (1746 A.D. - 1748 A.D.):
Also known as : Battle of Thomas.
Parties involved : French forces Vs.
Forces of Anwarud-din, the Nawab of Carnatic backed by English people.
Consequences : Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle was signed and Madras was handed over to English again. French got territories of South India.
Second Carnatic War
Second Carnatic War (1749 A.D. - 1754 A.D.):
- Parties Involved : Dupleix along with Chanda Sahib
Vs. Nasirjang and Muhammad Ali supported by British
- Consequences : The party of Muhammad Ali defeated
Chanda sahib and captured Trichinopoly.
Third Carnatic War
Third Carnatic War (1757 A.D. - 1763 A.D.):
- Also known as: The seven year’s war
- Parties involved : French vs English
- Consequences : The treaty started with capturing
French colonies of Chandan Nagar by British in 1757 and concluded with termination of Peace of Paris treaty.
Rohilkhand
- It was established by Afghan adventurer Muhammad Khan Bangash which was extended around the territory of Farukkhabad.
- When Nadir Shah invaded India, Ali Muhammad Khan Bangash carved out a separate principality known as Rohilkhand at the foothills of Himalayas between Ganga in South and Kumaon Hills in the North, Aolan in Bareilly and later at Rampur.
Awadh
- Saadat Khan Burhan- ul-Mulk was the founder of the Kingdom of Awadh. who was appointed as the Governor of Awadh in 1722.
- Being a successful soldier and a wise ruler he managed to suppress the refractory zamindars and carried out a revenue settlement in 1723 which protected the interests of the ryots.
- The jurisdiction of Awadh extended to Banaras, Ghazipur, Jaunpur and Chunar under his administration but he got arrested by the military of Nadir Shah in the Battle of Karnal and committed suicide so as to save himself from dishonour.
- The next governor of Awadh was Safdar Jung , the nephew and son-in-law of Saadat Khan, who had to carry on his war against the Rohillas
- He signed an agreement with Marathas against Ahmad Shah Abdali with a declaration that Marathas were to be paid ` 50 lakhs, granted the Chauth of the Punjab, Sindh and the Doab in addition to the Subahdari of Ajmer and Agra. However the agreement could not last long and failed as the the Peshwa went over to Safdar Jung’s enemies at Delhi.
- After the death of Safdar Jung his son Shuja-ud Daula took over Awadh Empire and later became the Wazir of Delhi.
- He signed an agreement with the Nawab of Bengal, Mir Qasim as well as with the Emperor Shah Alam II, against the Company. He suffered a crushing defeat in the Battle of Buxar in October 1764.
Rajputanas
- The Rajputanas took advantages of weak government of Mughal dynasty and freed themselves from the central control of Mughal Empire.
- The Rajput States were often divided among themselves and engaged in petty quarrels and civil wars.
- Raja Jai Singh of Amber (1699-1743) was considered to be the most eminent ruler of Rajputana during 18th Century. He founded the city of Jaipur on strict architectural principle.
- As a powerful Astronomer, he erected observatories with sophisticated instruments at Delhi, Jaipur, Ujjain, Varanasi and Mathura and drew up a set of tables to enable people to make astronomical observations.
- He enforced a law to check the lavish expenditure in daughter’s wedding.
- But in late 18th century Rajputana was conquered by Marathas.
Hyderabad
The state of Hyderabad was rst envisaged by the Viceroy of Deccan, Zul qar Khan who administered the state with the help of Daud Khan since 1708.
Later he appointed Nizam-ul-Mulk as the Subedar of Deccan who succeeded in laying the foundation of the state with his witty political understandings.
• He played a crucial role in overthrowing Sayyid brothers. • As a Wazir he ruled his land as the sole authority but
without being independent by the Central Government. • He practiced tolerant policies towards Hindus as he had
appointed Puran Chand as his Diwan.
• The orderly administration was quiet similar to that of
Jagirdari System of the Mughal Empire.
• Marathas were kept aloof of his dominion, but after his
death Hyderabad became the victim for Delhi Sultanate.
Robert Clive
(1758-60) and (1765-67)
- Diarchey of Dual Government of Bengal from 1765-72.
- Considered one of the creators of British power in India.
- Battle of Plassey (1757)
- Battle of Condore (1758)
Henry Vansittart
- Deposed Mir Jafar, the Nawab of Bengal, and replaced him with his son-in-law Mir Qasim.
- Battle of Buxar
John Cartier
The Great Famine of Bengal 1770 occured in his regime which claimed about two million lives
Warren Hastings (1772-85)
- Founding Asiatic Society of Bengal
- Auctioning the right to collect land revenue to its highest bid • Starting Diwani and Fauzdari Adalats in district level and Nizam Adalats at Kolkata
- Rohilla war (1774)
- 1st Anglo-Maratha War (1776-82)
- 2nd Anglo-Mysore War (1780-84)
Lord Cornwallis (1786-93)
- Codifying laws in 1793 so as to separate the administration for revenue and justice
- Abolition of all the super uous posts.
- Creating the post of District judge.
- Establishment of lower grade court.
- Father of Civil Services in India.
- 3rd Anglo-Mysore War against Tipu Sultan and signed the treaty of Srirangapatnam in 1792
Sir John Shore (1793-98)
- 1st Charter of Act in 1793
- Battle of Kharda between Nizam and Marathas in 1793
Lord Wellesley (1798-1805)
- Started subsidiary alliance to achieve British dominancy over India
- Forming Madras Presidency
- 4th Anglo-Mysore war in 1799 and with defeat and death of Tipu Sulatan
- Treaty of Bassein in 1802
- 2nd Anglo-Maratha war from 1803-1805 defeating Scindia,Bhonsle and Holkar
