chronic + restorative care

Question 1

what is chronic disease?

Answer 1

medical or health problem with associated symptoms or disabilities that require long-term management

last 3 or more months; CDC more than 1 yr
leading cause of death + disability in US
ex. heart disease, cancer, diabetes

Question 2

what is chronic illness?

Answer 2

the experience of living with a chronic disease or condition

Question 3

what are secondary health conditions?

Answer 3

any physical, mental, or social disorders resulting directly or indirectly from an initial disabling condition

Question 4

what are non-communicable diseases?

Answer 4

group of conditions that are not caused by an acute infection.

Question 5

what does having MCC put patients at risk for?

Answer 5

Conflicting medical advice
Adverse effects of medications
Unnecessary and duplicative tests
Preventable hospitalizations

Question 6

what are risk factors for chronic diseases?

Answer 6

hypertension
tobacco use and exposure to secondhand smoke
overweight or obesity
lack of physical activity
excessive alcohol use
consumption of diets low in fruits + vegetables
consumption of food high in sodium + saturated fats

Question 7

what is the pre-trajectory phase?

Answer 7

Genetic or lifestyle behaviors putting person at risk are identified.

Nursing role – refer for genetic counseling and testing; provide education about prevention of modifiable risk factors & behaviors.

Question 8

what is the trajectory onset phase?

Answer 8

Symptom onset.

Nursing role – Reinforce education, emotional support (home)

Question 9

what is the stable phase?

Answer 9

Symptoms under control.

Nursing role – reinforce positive behaviors, encouragement, health promotion (home)

Question 10

what is the unstable phase?

Answer 10

Exacerbation of symptoms, new complications

Nursing role – guidance and support, reinforce previous education (home)

Question 11

what is the acute phase?

Answer 11

Severe and unrelieved symptoms or new illness and complications.

Nursing role – Direct care, emotional support (hospital)

Question 12

what is the crisis phase?

Answer 12

Life-threatening situation.

Nursing role – Direct care, collaboration for stabilization. (hospital)

Question 13

what is the comeback phase?

Answer 13

recovery.

Nursing role – care coordination, rehabilitation (home or rehab)

Question 14

what is the downward phase?

Answer 14

worsening of condition.

Nursing role – direct and supportive care. (home, hospital, hospice)

Question 15

what is the dying phase?

Answer 15

final days or weeks, shutting down.

Nursing role – direct and supportive care (home, hospital, hospice)

Question 16

what are the goals of chronic care management?

Answer 16

maintaining quality of life

manage symptoms, avoid complications + prevent other acute illnesses

Question 17

how to prevent chronic disease?

Answer 17

eliminate tobacco + alcohol use

improve diet + inc exercise

cardiovascular + diabetes awareness/control

cancer prevention and screening

Question 18

what is primary prevention?

Answer 18

Goal is to protect healthy people from developing a disease

Education about proper nutrition, exercise; immunizations

Question 19

what is secondary prevention?

Answer 19

to halt or slow the progress of disease (if possible)

Low dose aspirin to prevent acute myocardial infarction after diagnosis of hypertension

Question 20

what is tertiary prevention?

Answer 20

Goals include preventing further physical deterioration and maximizing quality of life from complicated, long-term chronic illness

Chronic pain management programs, cardiac rehabilitation programs, follow-up care after a bowel resection

Question 21

what are the goals of restorative care?

Answer 21

Goal-oriented process is meant to:

Increase functional levels
Maximize existing abilities
Increase independence
Utilize available resources
Multidisciplinary approach
Preserve self-esteem
Achieve acceptable quality of life
Assist adaptation to lifestyle changes
Achieve developmental tasks/fulfill needs
Provide psychosocial support to client and family
Minimize effects of deficit by preventing complications or further deterioration
Help patient set goals that are realistic

Question 22

what are social and vocational functioning?

Answer 22

ADL assessment
Physical therapy
Occupational therapy
Sub-acute rehab
Assistive devices, durable medical equipment
Education
Pressure injury prevention